LIBRAK-Y  OF 

University  of  Illinois. 

- rJF 


4 


i 


.1 


THE  ADDYSTON 
PIPE  AND  STEEL 
COMPANY. 

| /L r'l  -u.w  a 

\) 

yc 

WORKS: 

ADDYSTON,  OHIO.  — • —NEWPORT,  KY. 

orricES: 

C2R.  THIRD  & WALNUT,  CINCINNATI,  O. 

7C 


CINCINNATI  : 

C.  31.  terelibiel  ano  Company. 

248-250  WALNUT  ST. 

1 892. 


K~l 


orncERS 


MATTHEW  ADDY,  - PRESIDENT. 

W.  P.  ANDERSON.  - VICE-PRESIDENT 

B.  E.  HAUGHTON,  - SECRETARY. 

C.  H.  DOnHOEE,  - TREASURER. 

W.  L.  DAVIS,  ) „ 

E.  A.  KEELER.  } CON™C™*  AGENTS. 


Copyrighted,  1890,  by 
The  Addyston  Pife  and  Steel  Co. 


Cincinnati,  Ohio,  1892. 


The  Company,  in  offering  this  book,  does  not  wish  to  convey  the 
idea  that  it  contains  everything  relative  to  either  gas  or  water  pipe. 
It  is  presented  with  the  hope  that  the  information  contained  may,  as 
far  as  it  goes,  be  serviceable  to  those  using  castings  of  this  character 
or  others  of  our  manufacture. 

We  desire  to  render  credit  to  the  following  named  hydraulic  and 
civil  engineers  for  many  of  the  tables  and  much  of  the  information 
herein  contained  : Jno.  W.  Rutherfoord,  Jno.  W.  Hill,  J.  D.  Cook;  also 
to  G.  A.  Ellis  and  A.  H.  Howland  for  tables  of  “Flow  of  Water  in 
Pipes.” 

Also  to  the  following  engineering  works  which  we  consulted  dur- 
ng  the  compilation  of  the  work  : Humber,  Fanning,  Haswell,  Traut- 

wine,  Molesworth,  and  Box. 

We  trust  that  this  publication  may  meet  the  wants  of  those  for 
whose  benefit  it  is  compiled. 

THE  ADDYSTON 
PIPE  AND  STEEL  COMPANY. 

3 


ANNOUNCEMENT 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Company,  organized  under  the  laws 
of  the  State  of  Ohio,  and  having  a paid-up  capital  of  $1,500,000,  owns 
and  operates  the  works  formerly  known  as  the  Cincinnati  and  New- 
port Iron  and  Pipe  Company,  of  which  it  is  the  successor. 

In  conjunction  with  the  works  purchased,  The  Addyston  Pipe  and 
Steel  Company  has  erected  an  entirely  new  plant  at  Addyston,  Ohio, 
fitted  with  every  new  and  improved  appliance  adapted  to  the  best 
manufacture  of  Cast  Iron  Pipe  and  other  castings,  and  with  the  increase 
of  capacity  and  facilities  the  Company  is  enabled  to  offer  special  in- 
ducements to  all  buyers,  in  the  direction  of  speedy  delivery,  as  well  as 
low  prices. 

Particular  attention  is  given  to  the  manufacture  of  the  following 
castings : 

WATER-PIPE. 

PIPE  FOR  NATURAL  OR  MANUFACTURED  GAS. 

SEWER  AND  CULVERT  PIPE. 

SPECIALS  OR  BRANCH  CASTINGS. 

FLANGE  PIPE  FOR  WATER,  GAS,  AND  STEAM. 

ELEVATOR  CYLINDERS  AND  PLUNGERS. 

BLAST-FURNACE  CASTINGS. 

CAST  IRON  STILLS  AND  KETTLES. 

SEWER  CASTINGS. 

LAMP-POSTS. 

LARGE  CASTINGS  OF  EVERY  DESCRIPTION. 

ROLLING-MILL  CASTINGS. 

HEAVY  MACHINERY  A SPECIALTY. 


5 


HISTORY  OF 

WATER  MAINS  IN  AMERICA, 


PROBABLY  the  first  pipes  used  for  water  mains  in  this  country  were 
bored  logs,  joined  together  by  driving  the  sharpened  end  of  one  log 
into  a corresponding  hollow  in  the  end  of  the  next  log.  In  certain  soils 
these  pipes  answered  fairly  well  for  a limited  time  for  conducting  water 
under  a low  pressure,  but  the  material  of  which  they  were  made  rotted  so 
readily  in  most  soils  that,  in  spite  of  their  low  first  cost,  the  water-works 
builders  demanded  pipes  of  some  more  suitable  material. 

In  1804  the  first  cast  pipes  were  laid  in  Philadelphia,  and,  although 
cast  on  their  sides,  thus  rendering  them  in  many  cases  twice  as  thick  on 
one  side  as  the  other,  their  use  rapidly  increased.  To  remedy  the  many 
defects  caused  by  this  imperfect  mode  of  casting,  the  pipe  manufacturers 
entirely  altered  their  processes,  and  with  new  machinery  and  new  methods 
cast  their  pipe  on  end,  thus  insuring  an  even  thickness  of  metal  and  a 
solid  casting. 

After  these  unprotected  cast  pipes  had  been  in  use  for  a long  time, 
certain  kinds  of  water  were  found  to  form  tubercular  accretions  and  rust 
inside  of  them,  thus  impeding  the  flow  of  water.  About  twenty-five  years 
ago  cast  pipe  for  water  mains  began  to  be  protected  from  these  accretions 
by  the  coating  now  in  general  use,  and  in  this  manner  such  formations  were 
entirely  prevented. 

The  many  advantages  obtained  by  the  use  of  cast-iron  coated  pipe 
have  recently  been  verified  by  letters  from  many  of  the  water-works  of 
this  country  that  testify  to  its  numerous  advantages.  In  view  of  this,  it 
is  amusing  to  see  how  the  magnificent  results  of  this  coated  cast  pipe  are 
totally  ignored  in  the  recent  publications  of  the  manufacturers  of  wrought 
pipe  coated  with  cement  or  other  material,  and  how  the  record  of  the  un- 


7 


8 


The  Atjdyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


protected  mains,  in  which  tubercular  accretions  sometimes  collected,  is  used 
against  the  present  coated  pipes,  which  are  the  only  cast  pipes  sold  for 
water  mains. 

In  1845  wrought  pipe,  coated  inside  and  out  with  cement  and  sand, 
was  laid  for  water  mains,  and  its  use  was  largely  increased  during  the  war 
in  consequence  of  the  extremely  high  price  of  iron,  which  rendered  the 
wrought  pipe,  on  account  of  its  comparative  lightness,  much  cheaper, 
apparently , than  cast  pipe.  We  say  apparently , for  in  almost  every  city 
where  this  pipe  has  been  in  use  for  any  length  of  time  it  has  been  replaced 
by  cast  pipe,  as  is  the  case  in  so  many  cities  of  Massachusetts  and  other 
states  where  it  had  been  put  in.  This  wrought  pipe  has  only  remained 
serviceable  in  a very  few  instances,  where  unusually  favorable  circum- 
stances caused  its  preservation. 

Lightning  has  a particular  affinity  for  this  wrought  pipe,  and  many 
mains  have  been  ruined  in  this  manner.  In  a publication  issued  in  the  in- 
terest of  cement-lined  pipe  it  is  stated  that  the  cast  pipe  in  Halifax,  N.  S. , 
was  struck  by  lightning.  This  is  incorrect,  as  Mr.  Keating,  Superintendent 
of  the  Halifax  Water  Works,  advises  us  that  the  accident  referred  to  was 
caused  solely  by  a washout.  We  are  unaware  of  any  cast  pipe  having 
been  destroyed  by  lightning. 

Recently  a wrought  pipe,  coated  inside  and  out  with  pure  cement, 
without  an  admixture  of  sand,  has  been  placed  upon  the  market.  It  is 
difficult  to  understand  how  this  pipe  can  be  expected  to  give  any  better 
results  than  that  last  mentioned,  as  pure  cement  cracks  more  readily  than 
a mixture  of  cement  and  sand.  This  pipe  also  differs  from  the  former, 
having  an  outer  wrought  shell  to  enable  the  manufacturer  to  make  it  at  his 
factory  instead  of  at  the  point  of  laying.  An  additional  element  of  danger 
is  thus  introduced,  as  the  jarring  during  transportation  is  very  liable  to 
crack  the  cement,  and  its  inspection  and  repair  is  entirely  prevented  by 
this  outside  wrought  shell. 

Galvanized  Iron  Pipe  was  also  tried.  This  pipe  is  made  by  coating 
ordinary  wrought  pipe  with  zinc.  Its  short  life,  high  cost,  and  the  danger 
of  poisonous  salts  of  zinc  being  formed  in  the  water  passing  through  this 
kind  of  pipe,  soon  caused  its  abandonment. 

We  here  append  a clipping  from  the  Engineering  News  of  October  3, 
1885,  bearing  on  the  subject: 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


9 


* ‘ Galvanized-iron  Water  Pipes. — In  the  course  of  a paper  on  the 
above  subject  by  Dr.  F.  P.  Venable,  in  the  Journal  of  the  American 
Chemical  Society,  he  states  that  it  has  long  been  known  that  zinc  dissolves 
in  water,  and  that  soft  water,  such  as  rain  water,  dissolves  it  more  easily 
than  hard  water.  Water  containing  carbonic  acid  is  specially  able  to  dis- 
solve it.  The  use  of  galvanized  iron  for  pipes  and  tanks  being  so  much  on 
the  increase,  the  subject  becomes  more  and  more  important,  and  it  is  desir- 
able to  ascertain,  as  far  as  possible,  to  what  extent  solution  of  the  zinc 
coating. takes  place,  and  how  far  water  contaminated  by  zinc  is  injurious  to 
health.  The  author  quotes  several  investigators  as  to  the  latter  point,  the 
evidence  being  to  some  extent  conflicting,  but  giving  a very  decided  bal- 
ance on  the  side  of  the  view  that  such  water  is  considerably  injurious.  In- 
vestigations made  on  behalf  of  the  French  Government  resulted  in  the 
prohibition  by  the  Ministry  of  Marine  of  the  use  of  galvanized-iron  tanks 
on  board  men-of-war.  Professor  Heaton  has  given  an  analysis  of  a spring 
water,  with  a further  analysis  of  the  same  water  after  it  had  traveled 
through  half  a mile  of  galvanized-iron  pipe.  It  had  taken  up  6.41  grains 
of  zinc  carbonate  per  gallon.  Dr.  Venable  gives  the  results  of  an  observa- 
tion of  his  own,  where  spring  water  passed  through  200  yards  of  galvan- 
ized-iron pipes  to  a house,  and  took  up  4. 29  grains  of  zinc  carbonate  per 
gallon.  It  therefore  seems  pretty  clear  that  drinking-water  should  not  be 
allowed  to  come  in  contact  with  zinc.” 

The  excellent  results  obtained  by  the  coating  used  on  cast  pipe  sug- 
gested the  idea  that  wrought  pipe  coated  in  the  same  manner  might  be  cor- 
respondingly protected.  In  practice,  however,  it  was  found  that  the  pol- 
ished surface  formed  on  the  wrought  pipe  by  passing  the  plates  from 
which  they  were  made  through  the  rolls  prevented  this  or  other  coatings 
from  clinging  tightly  to  the  pipe,  and  soon  caused  the  abandonment  of 
pipe  so  coated  for  use  as  water  mains.  In  the  face  of  these  results,  how- 
ever, attempts  are  now  being  made  to  sell,  for  underground  conduits, 
spirally  welded  wrought  pipe  of  extremely  thin  metal,  the  life  of  which 
depends  on  the  protection  afforded  by  a coating  similar  to  this. 

Kalamein  Pipe . — Owing  to  the  high  price  of  tin  its  use  as  a pre- 
ventive of  rusting  in  wrought-iron  water  pipe  has  not  been  feasible,  and 
many  attempts  have  been  made  to  form  a cheaper  coating  by  alloying 
tin  with  lead  or  other  cheaper  metals.  On  November  16,  1880,  an  alloy 


IO 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


for  coating  iron  was  patented,  the  proportions  of  its  ingredients  being 
about  as  follows  : 


Lead 53-93  per  cent. 

Zinc 32.00  “ “ 

Tin 14.00  “ 

Nickel 07  “ “ 


100.00 

By  this  process,  which  is  called  calameining , the  inventor  ‘ ‘ is  en- 
abled to  use  a large  quantity  of  lead  in  combination  with  zinc,  tin  and 
nickel,”  to  form  an  alloy  for  coating.  On  June  10th  and  October  7,  1884, 
patents  were  also  issued  in  which  the  percentage  of  lead  was  still  further 
increased  to  from  60  to  80  per  cent. , slight  changes  made  in  the  other  in- 
gredients of  the  alloy,  and  a fraction  of  one  per  cent,  of  copper  added. 
Wrought  pipe  coated  with  this  alloy  is  called  “ Kalamein  Pipe."  The 
large  percentage  of  lead  in  this  pipe  has  caused  great  objection  to  its  use, 
owing  to  the  fear  that  water  passing  through  it  might  become  contami- 
nated, thus  causing  lead  poisoning.  The  danger  from  this  cause  is  not 
fancied,  for  in  Massachusetts  alone  there  are  many  well-authenticated  cases 
in  numerous  towns  and  cities  of  persons  becoming  lead-poisoned  by  drink- 
ing water  which  had  passed  through  lead  pipes.  (See  Massachusetts  Board 
Health  Report,  1871.) 

This  pipe  is  also  extremely  thin  ; a ten-inch  pipe,  for  example,  is  but 
slightly  over  one-eighth  of  an  inch  thick,  while  the  ordinary  standard 
wrought  pipe  is  about  one-third  of  an  inch,  and  cast-iron  water  pipe  nine-six- 
teenths of  an  inch  in  thickness.  Owing  to  its  extreme  thinness  the  life  of 
Kalamein  pipe  must  indeed  be  short,  if  its  coating  is  not  indestructible. 
The  tests  made  by  Professor  Charles  O.  Thompson,  of  the  Rose  Polytech- 
nic Institute,  for  The  American  Water-Works  Association,  and  the  trouble 
which  several  cities  have  already  experienced  in  its  use,  throw  grave  doubt 
on  the  protection  afforded  by  this  coating.  We  understand  that,  in  spite  of 
the  alleged  indestructibility  of  this  Kalamein  coating,  a still  further  protec- 
tion is  now  given  this  pipe  by  coating  it  with  tar  and  asphalt,  but  for  rea- 
sons already  pointed  out  it  is  not  probable  that  this  coating  can  add  much 
to  the  life  of  this  pipe. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


i i 


Wyckoff  Pipe. — Wooden  logs,  bound  with  thin  iron  bands  and  coated 
on  the  outside  with  tar  and  sawdust,  were  also  tried  as  mains.  This  pipe, 
called  Wyckoff  Wooden  Pipe,  was  laid  by  Grand  Rapids  and  Grand 
Haven  (Michigan),  Wichita  (Kansas),  Middletown  (New  York),  New  Lis- 
bon (Ohio),  and  many  other  cities,  and  the  expense  which  they  have 
undergone  in  replacing  it  with  cast  pipe  does  not  speak  very  favorably 
of  its  merits.  In  some  soils  it  may  last  many  years,  but  trouble  is  usually 
experienced  a few  years  after  it  is  laid,  on  account  of  the  rusting  of  the 
imperfectly  protected  wrought  bands  and  the  rotting  of  the  wood ; this  is 
particularly  the  case  in  the  more  recently  made  pipes,  as  it  is  becoming 
more  and  more  difficult  to  obtain  logs  that  are  suitable  for  this  purpose, 
owing  to  the  rapid  destruction  of  our  forests. 

The  claim  made  for  all  these  pipes  is  their  small  cost,  in  comparison 
with  those  of  cast  iron.  Their  first  cost  is  somewhat  less;  but  with  all 
due  deference  to  the  manufacturers  of  these  different  compositions,  this  is 
the  most  that  can  be  said  in  their  favor. 

We  can  not  recall  a single  instance  where  any  city  has  discarded  the 
use  of  cast  iron  pipe  for  any  of  these  inferior  substitutes ; but  instances 
can  be  multiplied  where  pipes  of  other  material  have  been  taken  up  to  be 
replaced  by  those  of  cast  iron.  Nothing  but  cast  iron  is  now  used  in  all 
our  large  cities,  the  field  of  those  dealing  in  patent  rights  for  inferior 
pipe  being  the  smaller  towns  and  villages ; and  here  the  citizens  or  trus- 
tees find  to  their  cost  that  the  investment  has  been  a very  expensive  one, 
notwithstanding  the  claims  made  to  them  as  to  the  small  cost.  New 
York,  Brooklyn,  Cincinnati,  Louisville,  Philadelphia,  Toledo,  Pittsburgh, 
Cleveland,  Buffalo,  New  Orleans,  Memphis,  Atlanta,  Columbus,  Milwau- 
kee, St.  Louis,  and  all  the  cities  where  engineers  are  employed  in  their 
water  departments,  use  nothing  but  cast-iron  water  pipe.  The  late  Hon. 
A.  W.  Craven,  formerly  Chief  Engineer  of  the  Croton  Aqueduct  De- 
partment, New  York,  says: 

‘ ‘ In  cast  iron  you  are  dealing  with  a certainty I do  not  con- 

sider it  true  economy  to  use  any  known  substitute  in  any  portion  of  the  distribu- 
tion of  a town.” 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


I 2 


NATURAL  GAS  PIPES. 

The  use  of  cast-iron  pipes  as  conduits  for  natural  gas  has  increased 
to  such  proportions  that  we  give  below  some  of  the  advantages  obtained 
by  their  use. 

Durability. — The  life  of  cast  pipe  is  unknown,  as  even  the  imperfect 
pipes  first  made  in  this  country  in  1804  are  now  in  good  condition,  in  spite 
of  the  fact  that  they  are  uncoated,  and  were  cast  on  their  sides,  thus  caus- 
ing one  side  to  be  two  or  three  times  as  thick  as  the  other. 

Pipes  have  only  been  coated  during  the  last  twenty-five  or  thirty  years, 
and  those  first  protected  in  this  manner  are  now  found  as  perfect  as  when 
laid. 

The  smoothness  caused  by  rolling  iron  or  steel  prevents  this  coating 
from  clinging  tightly  to  wrought-iron  or  steel  pipes,  and  for  this  reason  it 
can  not  be  depended  upon  to  preserve  these  pipes  from  rusting,  and  from 
becoming,  after  a time,  worthless  as  conduits  for  natural  gas. 

The  short  life  of  these  pipes  when  laid  in  the  ground  is  also  well 
shown  by  the  numerous  attempts  which  have  been  made  to  lengthen  their 
life  by  coating  them  with  zinc,  kalamein,  cement,  asphalt,  or  other  ma- 
terials. (See  pages  8,  9 and  10.) 

The  material  of  which  cast  pipes  are  manufactured  and  their  thick- 
ness, which  is  several  times  greater  than  that  of  wrought  pipe,  clearly 
proves  the  reliability  and  durability  of  cast-iron  pipe. 

If  the  supply  of  natural  gas  fails,  the  cast  pipe  lines  can  be  taken  up 
and  used  elsewhere,  or,  if  broken  up,  a large  return  can  be  realized  from 
the  scrap. 

Cast  pipe  is  not  porous,  as  is  proven  by  the  fact  that  the  natural  gas 
lines  of  Pittsburgh  and  other  cities  show  no  lowering  of  the  pressure  of 
the  compressed  air  contained  in  them,  although  allowed  to  stand  closed  up 
for  hours  while  being  tested. 

Cast  pipe  is  found  equally  tight  in  body  and  joint  under  natural  gas 
pressure,  as  was  exemplified  in  the  test  of  The  Equitable  Natural  Gas  Line 
at  Pittsburgh,  where  the  line,  although  constructed  of  light-weight  pipe, 
withstood  successfully  a natural  gas  pressure  of  one  hundred  and  fifty 
pounds.  The  same  result  was  also  attained  in  the  test  of  The  Versailles 
Fuel  Gas  Company’s  lines  at  McKeesport,  Pa.,  where  their  twelve  and 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


i3 


fourteen-inch  cast  pipe  successfully  withstood  a natural  gas  pressure  of  two 
hundred  pounds,  although  pipes  of  ordinary  water  weights  were  used. 


Joint. — The  advantage  of  the  joint  used  on  our  cast  pipe  is  well 
shown  by  the  fact  that  two  of  the  largest  manufacturers  of  wrought  pipes 
are  making  their  pipes  with  joints  made  as  nearly  as  possible  like  that  used 
on  cast  pipes,  although  the  advantage  gained  by  the  raised  bead  on  the  cast 
pipes  can  not  be  obtained  in  either  of  the  wrought-pipe  joints,  as  in  one 
the  bead  is  replaced  by  two  small  rivets  and  in  the  other  by  a groove  cut 
into  the  spigot  end  of  the  pipe.  The  body  of  these  lead-jointed  wrought 
pipes  is  much  thinner  than  even  standard  wrought  screw  pipe,  and  their 
life,  when  laid  in  the  ground,  is  correspondingly  shorter. 

It  has  been  proven  by  experience  that  the  joint  on  cast  pipe  remains 
absolutely  tight  under  a pressure  of  five  thousand  pounds  per  square  inch, 
and  that  a plug  will  withstand  a pressure  of  four  thousand  pounds  per 
square  inch  before  being  forced  from  the  socket  into  which  it  is  leaded. 

Cast  iron  expands  one-eleventh  less  than  wrought  iron,  and  as  cast 
iron  will  stretch  twice  as  much  as  wrought  iron  within  elastic  limits,  there 
is  no  strain  on  the  cast-pipe  joint.  (For  data  see  “ Trautwine’s  Pocket 
Manual,”  page  212.) 

As  cast  iron  expands  or  contracts  only  one-eighth  of  an  inch  in  1,688 
feet  for  one  degree  of  heat,  if  the  pipe  line  varies  fifteen  degrees  in  tem- 
perature there  will  be  a variation  of  one-eighth  of  an  inch  in  one  hundred 
and  thirteen  feet,  making  a variation  of  only  one-seventy-second  of  an  inch 
in  the  length  of  each  cast  pipe,  which  is  twelve  feet  long.  Wrought  iron 
varies  one-eighth  of  an  inch  in  only  1,562  feet  for  each  one  degree  raise  or 
lowering  of  temperature.  If  the  pipe  changes  fifteen  degrees  in  tempera 
ture,  it  will  expand  or  contract  one-eighth  of  an  inch  in  only  one  hundred 
and  four  feet. 


14 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co 


If  wrought  pipes  are  twenty-six  feet  long,  there  will  then  be  an  expan- 
sion of  one-thirty-second  of  an  inch  in  each  joint;  if  eighteen  feet  long, 
one-forty-sixth  of  an  inch  in  each  joint ; while,  as  above  shown,  there  is  an 
expansion  of  only  one-seventy-second  of  an  inch  in  each  joint  of  cast  pipe. 
This  will  be  allowed  for  fully  by  the  packing  in  the  cast-iron  joint,  while 
there  is  nothing  in  the  screw  joint  to  take  up  this  contraction,  particularly 
as  Trautwine  shows  (page  212)  that  wrought  iron  will  only  stretch  one- 
half  as  much  as  cast  iron  within  elastic  limits. 

When  natural  gas  was  first  discovered  two  lines  of  cast  pipes  were 
laid  in  Pennsylvania,  whose  failure  to  successfully  carry  five  hundred 
pounds  pressure  is  often  alluded  to  by  our  wrought  pipe  competitors, 
as  these  are  the  only  cast  iron  gas  lines,  as  far  as  we  are  aware,  which  have 
not  given  perfect  satisfaction.  When  it  is  understood  that  these  pipes 
were  the  thinnest  manufactured,  and  were  intended  only  to  carry  gas  under 
a few  ounces  of  pressure  ; that  they  were  purchased  from  many  manufact- 
urers through  a broker,  and  therefore  had  differently  shaped  joints ; that 
they  were  laid  through  an  extremely  rocky  and  rough  country  by  men 
who  had  never  laid  cast  pipes  before,  the  surprise  is,  not  that  the  lines  did 
not  carry  gas  under  a pressure  of  five  hundred  pounds  successfully,  but 
that  they  were  used  to  carry  gas  under  pressures  as  high  as  two  hundred 
pounds  per  square  inch  for  several  years. 

Cost. — For  pipe  of  medium  size  it  is  safe  to  say  that  cast  pipe  laid  in 
the  ground  is  as  cheap  as  wrought  pipe  on  cars.  As  the  size  of  the  pipe 
increases,  this  difference  in  cost  in  favor  of  cast  pipe  over  lap-weld  wrought 
pipe  increases  with  surprising  rapidity. 

The  great  advantage  obtained  by  using  large  pipe  is  hardly,  we  think, 
appreciated,  for  one  twenty- four-inch  pipe,  twenty  miles  long,  will  deliver 
as  much  gas  as  twenty  8-inch  pipes  of  the  same  length. 

The  loss  of  pressure  on  account  of  friction  is  extremely  high  in  small 
lines,  and  it  is  usual  to  figure  on  a diminution  in  pressure  of  from  six  to 
eight  pounds  per  mile  in  an  eight-inch -pipe ; in  the  thirty-inch,  and  also  in 
the  twenty-four-inch  cast  pipe  lines  of  The  Equitable  Natural  Gas  Com- 
pany, of  Pittsburgh,  a loss  but  slightly  over  a pound  per  mile  is  experi- 
enced. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


15 


CAPACITY  AND  FACILITIES. 

Our  works,  being  as  large  and  as  thoroughly  fitted  up  as  any  in  the 
country,  have  a complete  assortment  of  the  most  improved  machinery  for 
making  pipe  and  other  castings.  A brief  description  of  our  mode  of  man- 
ufacture is  here  appended. 

METHOD  OF  MELTING. 

Our  cupolas  are  of  the  most  improved  pattern.  In  advance  of  the 
general  custom,  all  iron,  fuel,  and  flux,  composing  the  mixture,  is  accu- 
rately weighed  and  analyzed.  Thus,  when  any  inferiority  arises  in  the 
quality  of  casting  we  are  enabled  at  once  to  trace  and  remedy  the  evil, 
thereby  avoiding  damage  to  our  customers  by  the  shipment  of  weak  or 
defective  pipe. 

From  each  day’s  cast,  bars  are  made  by  which  the  tensile  strain  is 
determined,  thus  regulating  the  uniformity  of  our  work. 


MACHINE  SHOPS. 

Included  in  and  made  a part  of  our  works  are  extensive  and  thor- 
oughly equipped  departments  for  all  machine  work.  The  same  being  re- 
plete with  modern  tools  and  machinery,  enables  us  to  reach  every  branch 
of  work  attendant  upon  the  pipe  business.  We  have  special  and  com- 
plete facilities  for  facing,  drilling,  and  finishing  for  immediate  use,  flange 
pipe  and  flange  castings  of  all  descriptions. 

We  can,  of  course,  face  and  drill  our  hydraulic  cylinders  or  cylinders 
for  smoke  stacks  when  desired. 


FLASKS  AND  PATTERNS. 

Having  been  so  long  engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  iron  castings  we 
have  a stock  of  flasks  and  patterns  sufficient  to  cover  every  demand  for 
pipe,  cylinders,  and  other  castings. 


1 6 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


OVENS. 

By  the  use  of  our  superior  drying  ovens  the  drying  of  the  mold  pro- 
ceeds from  the  surface  coming  in  contact  with  the  molten  metal,  pre- 
venting honey-combing  in  the  casting,  as  no  moisture  arises  from  the 
perfectly  dried  surface.  By  the  use  of  gas,  with  which  all  our  cores  and 
molds  at  Addyston  are  heated,  a thoroughly  uniform  drying  is  attained. 


COATING. 

When  preferred,  we  coat  our  pipes  with  Dr.  Angus  Smith’s  patent 
preservative  varnish.  This  process  of  coating  cast  pipe  has  now  been  in 
use  for  over  twenty-five  years,  and  therefore  ample  time  has  elapsed  for 
the  thorough  testing  of  its  efficiency.  In  order  to  obtain  accurate  infor- 
mation on  this  very  important  subject  we  wrote  to  the  heads  of  the  water 
departments  of  many  principal  cities,  and  learned  that  this  coating  ab- 
solutely prevents  the  formation  of  tubercular  accretions,  or  rust,  in  the 
pipe. 

In  many  tables  showing  the  discharge  from  cast  pipes  the  advantage 
obtained  by  the  use  of  coated  pipe  has  not  been  calculated  upon.  Mr.  J. 
F.  Bateman,  F.  R.  S.,  states  that  “the  four-feet  pipes  at  Glasgow  were  cal- 
culated to  deliver  twenty  million  gallons  in  twenty-four  hours  with  five 
feet  per  mile  inclination.  They  (being  coated)  have  delivered  twenty-six 
million  with  three  and  one-half  feet.” 


TESTING. 

All  pipe  over  two  inches  in  diameter  is  subjected  to  a hydrostatic 
pressure  of  300  pounds  per  square  inch ; an  additional  test  is  made  while 
the  pipe  is  under  this  pressure,  by  striking  it  throughout  its  length  with 
an  iron  hammer,  thus  making  apparent  any  flaw  or  imperfection  existing. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


We  would  call  special  attention  to  the  socket  and  spigot  ends  of  our 
pipe.  When  joints  are  properly  made  it  is  impossible  for  them  to  separate, 
or  for  leakage  to  occur  when  under  pressure.  These  necessary  results  are 
attained  by  introducing  into  the  interior  of  the  socket  a wedge-shaped 
recess  called  the  lead  ring,  which  being  filled  with  lead  obviates  all  possi- 
bility of  a withdrawal  of  the  bead  end  from  the  socket,  and  when  under 
pressure  tends  to  tighten  the  joint.  Since  the  bead  rests  firmly  against 
the  sockets  on  all  sides,  it  will  be  seen  that  it  is  impossible  for  the  lead 
when  poured  to  enter  into  the  pipe  through  imperfect  packing. 

By  our  improved  method  of  casting  the  beads  or  spigot  ends  they 
are  uniform  and  unchilled,  thus  strengthening  the  part  of  the  pipe  most 
exposed  in  handling. 

Further,  our  pipes  are  cast  with  our  patent  bell-shaped  socket,  thus 
causing  the  entering  or  spigot  end  of  the  pipe  to  be  centered  by  the 
tapered  sides  of  the  socket. 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


18 


CYLINDERS. 


In  this  connection  we  desire  to  say  we  depart  from  the  usual  custom 
and  cast  all  hydraulic  Cylinders,  Rolls  for  paper-mill  machinery,  Smoke 
Stacks,  and  other  Tubular  Castings,  on  end  with  iron  core  bars,  thus 
giving  uniform  thickness  and  additional  strength. 

By  means  of  careful  and  extensive  analyses  and  exhaustive  tests  by 
our  chemist,  we  have  arrived  at  most  satisfactory  mixtures  of  iron  for  the 
manufacture  of  castings  requiring  unusual  strength  and  tenacity. 


FLANGE  PIPE. 

To  supply  the  ever-increasing  demand  for  this  class  of  pipe,  we  have 
put  in  a pit  especially  designed  to  make  them  rapidly  and  cheaply,  and 
are  therefore  particularly  well  fitted  to  supply  the  needs  of  our  customers 
who  may  desire  them.  These  can  be  promptly  faced  and  drilled  in  our 
machine  shops  if  required. 


Crx. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


19 


STILLS  AND  KETTLES. 


We  have  patterns  for  the  casting  of  stills  and  kettles  of  various  capac- 
ities, and  are  prepared  to  make  in  loam  those  differing  from  the  patterns 
which  we  have. 


GENERAL  FOUNDRY  WORK. 

Our  new  molding  floor,  which  is  supplied  with  the  most  approved 
cranes,  over-head  travelers  and  flasks,  enables  us  to  furnish  promptly,  and 
at  a very  low  price,  castings  of  all  kinds.  We  make  a specialty,  however, 
of  very  large  castings,  such  as  the  stills  above  referred  to,  blast  furnace 
castings,  large  specials,  and  loam  castings  of  every  description. 

Our  new  machine  shops,  equipped  with  tools  of  most  modern  design, 
enable  us  to  face,  drill  or  otherwise  machine  castings,  if  our  customers  so 
desire. 


20 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


CULVERT  PIPE. 


We  have  complete  arrangements  for  the  manufacture  or  cast-iron 
pipe  of  large  diameters,  for  railroad  or  turnpike  culverts.  These  pipes 
are  usually  cast  to  lay  twelve  feet,  but  shorter  lengths  can  be  furnished 
when  desired.  We  also  reserve  such  pipes  which,  through  some  slight 
defect,  do  not  fulfill  the  severe  requirements  which  we  demand  of  our 
pipes,  but  which  are  thoroughly  suitable  and  reliable  for  culvert  pipe. 
Whenever  we  have  any  of  these  pipes  on  hand  we  supply  them  to  our 
customers  at  an  extremely  low  figure. 

The  railroads  of  this  country  thoroughly  appreciate  the  many  ad- 
vantages derived  from  the  use  of  cast-iron  culvert  pipe,  and  a consider, 
able  percentage  of  the  larger  sizes  of  pipes  made  by  us  are  furnished 
for  this  purpose.  Among  the  exceptional  advantages  to  be  derived  from 
the  use  of  this  class  of  culverts  we  desire  to  call  attention  to  the  following : 

1.  Ease  and  cheapness  in  laying ; no  concrete  foundation  is  required, 
as  in  the  case  of  properly  laid  vitrified  pipe,  and  joints  (which  can  be 
of  cement)  occur  only  once  in  twelve  feet 

2.  Durability.  The  enormous  strength  of  this  pipe  prevents  crushing, 
and  the  coating  with  which  all  our  pipe  is  covered  entirely  prevents  rusting. 

3.  Discharge.  A larger  discharge  can  be  obtained  through  this  than 
through  any  other  kind  of  culvert,  owing  to  its  smooth  surface,  few  joints, 
and  perfect  alignment. 

4.  Reliability . As  one  piece  of  our  pipe  lays  twelve  feet  it  may 
be  used  instead  of  six  2-foot  vitrified  pipes,  thus  eliminating  the  danger 
from  undermining  by  water,  the  leaking  from  five  joints,  and  also  removing 
the  danger  of  unequal  settlement,  as  our  pipe  has  a bearing  six  times 
as  great  as  that  of  the  two-foot  vitrified  pipe. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


21 


BRIDGE  PIERS  AND  SUBMARINE  FOUNDATIONS. 

We  are  also  prepared  to  make  sections  of  cast-iron  cylinders  for  bridge 
piers  and  submarine  foundations.  These  sections  are  made  in  diameters 
and  lengths  as  may  be  required,  and  from  one  to  two  inches  in  thickness 
of  shell.  The  flanges  are  internal,  drilled  for  bolts,  and  of  any  required 
size.  The  castings  are  squared  in  a lathe  so  as  to  present  the  best  appear- 
ance and  make  a perfect  joint.  These  cylinders  coated  with  our  patent 
preparation  of  coal  tar  are  claimed  to  be  superior  to  wrought-iron  caissons. 

We  recently  sank  a caisson  of  this  description  on  our  own  prop- 
erty in  order  to  place  our  artesian  well  pumps  as  close  to  the  water 
supply  as  possible.  It  was  composed  of  eight  cylinders  ten  feet  in  di- 
ameter and  six  feet  high.  In  place  of  a bottom  flange  the  lower  rim 
of  the  caisson  was  tapered  to  facilitate  its  sinking  into  the  earth. 

Many  large  railroads  have  adopted  castings  of  this  description  for 
bridge  piers. 

We  devote  especial  attention  to  these  branches  of  our  business  and 
we  respectfully  invite  correspondence,  or  will  visit  personally  parties  who 
may  desire  anything  of  the  above  description. 

TABLE  SHOWING  WEIGHTS  OF  EMBANKMENT  MATERIALS  PER  CUBIC  FOOT. 


Material. 

Av.  Weight. 

Specific  Gravity. 

Av.  Voids. 

Granite 

166  pounds. 

2.666 

Coarse  Gravel 

120  “ 

1925 

.28  per  cent. 

Gravel 

116  “ 

1. 861 

.30 

Sharp  Sand 

no  “ 

1.765 

•33  “ 

Clay 

125  “ 

1.440 

.12  “ 

Water 

62.5  “ 

1.000 

To  determine  the  pressure  per  square  foot  of  embankment  upon  the 
horizontal  surface  of  the  pipe,  multiply  the  weights  above  given  by  height 
of  fill  above  the  pipe. 


22 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


STOCK  ON  HAND. 

For  the  convenience  of  our  regular  customers  and  of  parties  requiring 
pipe  in  emergencies,  we  keep  on  hand  a considerable  stock  of  both  gas 
and  water  pipe,  special  branch  castings  and  large  sizes  of  pipe  for  culverts. 
The  variety  of  standards  makes  it  almost  impossible  to  meet  entirely  the 
wishes  of  every  one  ordering  from  our  stock.  From  Jong  experience, 
however,  we  believe  we  have  adopted  safe  standards  ; these  we  endeavor 
to  have  constantly  on  hand  to  supply  our  customers’  wants.  Should  they, 
however,  wish  weights  of  their  own,  we  shall  use  our  best  endeavors  to 
meet  their  views. 

We  here  append  table  showing  weights  and  thicknesses  of  pipe  as 
manufactured  by  us. 


WEIGHTS  OF  STANDARD  GAS  PIPE. 


Internal 
Diameter  in 
Inches. 

Thickness 
of  Shell  in 
Inches. 

W eigh  t 
per  Foot  in 
Pounds. 

Weight 
per  Pipe  in 
Pounds. 

Laid 

Length. 

2 

5 

1 6 

6 

48 

8 

3 

T6  + 

I2£ 

150 

12 

4 

3 

8 

17 

204 

12 

5 

lV 

24 

288 

12 

6 

30 

360 

12 

8 

T6+* 

40 

480 

12 

10 

tV+ 

50 

600 

12 

12 

1 

70 

840 

12 

14 

T6 

84 

1,000 

12 

16 

TS — 

IOO 

1,200 

12 

18 

1 1 

rs 

134 

1,600 

12 

20 

xi — 

150 

1,800 

12 

24 

1- 

184 

2,200 

12 

For  other  weights  see  page  24. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


23 


WEIGHTS  OF  STANDARD  WATER  PIPE. 


Internal  diameter 
in  Inches. 

Approx,  thickness 
of  Shell  in  Inches. 

Weight  per  Foot 
in  Pounds. 

Weight  per  Length 
in  Pounds. 

Laid  Length. 

2 

re 

7 

63 

9 

3 

1 

i5 

l8o 

12 

3 

i 

17 

204 

12 

4 

i 

22  y 

264 

12 

5 

i 

27 

324 

12 

6 

} 

33 

396 

12 

8 

l- 

42 

504 

12 

8 

i 

45  ^ 

540 

12 

10 

re 

60 

720 

12 

12 

re 

75 

900 

12 

12 

1 

80 

960 

12 

14 

1 

117 

1,400 

12 

16 

3  

4 

125 

1,500 

12 

18 

i 

167 

2,000 

12 

20 

if 

200 

* 2.4OO 

12 

24 

250 

3,000 

12 

3° 

350 

4 200 

12 

- 

36 

n 

475 

5*7oo 

48 

ih 

775 

9,3oo 

12 

60 

2 

1,330 

15.960 

1 

1 "i 

For  other  weights  see  page  24. 


The  above  weights  are  the  usual  ones  required,  but  of  course  may  be 
varied  to  accommodate  our  customers. 


24 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


TABLES  SHOWING  WEIGHTS  OF  CAST  IRON  PIPE,  WITH  ALLOWANCE  ADDED 
FOR  BOWL  AND  SPIGOT  ENDS,  AS  MANUFACTURED  BY  US. 

Weights  in  Columns , per  Foot  Lineal.  Iron , .2604  per  Cubic  Inch. 


GQ 

W 

Thickness  of  Iron 

Shell 

in  Inches. 

i 

* 

1 

£ 

t 

I 

7 

1 

1 

1* 

I* 

it 

1* 

if 

2. 

ft 

Equivalents  in  Decimals  of  an 

Inch. 

K 

E- 

z 

125 

.250 

•375 

.500 

.625 

.750 

•875 

1 

1. 125 

1.250 

i-375 

1.500 

| 1-625 

2. 

2 

3 

6 

9-3 

14 

19 

1 

3 

4 

9 

13 

18 

23 

29 

41 

5 

1 1 

17 

23-5 

30 

37 

44 

52 

5 

6-5 

13.5 

21 

29 

36 

45 

53 

62 

6 

8 

16.5 

25 

34 

43 

53 

63 

73 

8 

10 

21.5 

32.5 

44 

56, 

68 

81 

93 

10 

14 

27 

40.5 

55 

69^ 

84 

99 

n4 

12 

r5 

32 

48 

65 

82 

100 

”7 

J35 

153 

172 

M 

18 

37 

56 

75 

95 

“5 

137 

*59 

177 

198 

16 

20 

4i 

64 

86 

108 

130 

153 

176 

201 

224 

18 

22 

47 

72 

96 

(21 

146 

172 

197 

224 

250 

276 

20 

26 

52.5 

79 

107 

134 

162 

190 

216 

24  7 

275 

3D5 

336 

398 

458 

24 

32 

63 

95 

127 

l6o 

192 

225 

259 

293 

33° 

364 

398 

470 

543 

3° 

40 

78 

1 18 

158 

198 

23S 

278 

3i8 

358 

405 

449 

493 

577 

664 

35 

45 

90 

i35 

180 

225 

270 

3i5 

360 

405 

45° 

495 

540 

668 

766 

36 

47 

94 

i4t 

188 

235 

282 

335 

384 

433 

483 

533 

583 

686 

788 

40 

52 

104 

156 

208 

260 

312 

364 

4*3 

465 

5i7 

569 

621 

762 

875 

42 

55 

1 10 

165 

221 

276 

33i 

386 

442 

496 

552 

608 

662 

718 

912 

48 

63 

I25 

189 

252 

3 1 5 

379 

444 

5ro 

573 

640 

705 

771 

904 

1039 

5o 

65 

130 

197 

262 

328 

395 

463 

53i 

597 

66  7 

734 

803 

042 

1082 

52 

68 

i35 

203 

270 

338 

406 

473 

537 

605 

672 

740 

807 

991 

1138 

56 

73 

146 

218 

291 

364 

437 

5io 

578 

651 

723 

797 

869 

1067 

1225 

58 

75 

i5* 

229 

3°4 

380 

458 

537 

616 

693 

774 

851 

93i 

1093 

1255 

60 

80 

156 

239 

3*6 

396 

476 

556 

636 

716 

810 

898 

986 

ii54 

1328 

Above  weights  are  only  approximate,  as  actual  weights  will  vary  with  the  dimensions 
of  the  sockets  used. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


25 


THICKNESS  OF  CAST-IRON  PIPE  REQUIRED  FOR  VARIOUS  PRESSURES 
WHEN  TENSILE  STRAIN  IS  18,000  LBS.  PER  SQUARE  INCH. 


Diameter. 

Class  A,  Pressure  50  lbs. 
per  Square  Inch  or  less. 
Head  116  Feet. 

Class  B,  Pressure  100  lbs. 
per  Square  Inch.  Head 
230  Feet. 

Class  C,  Pressure  130  lbs. 
per  Square  Inch.  Head 
300  Feet. 

Thickness. 

A pprox. 
weight 

Thickness. 

Approx. 

weight 

Thickness. 

Approx. 

weight 

Inches. 

Inches. 

Apprx 

in. 

per  foot 
in  lbs. 

Inches. 

Apprx. 

in. 

per  foot 
in  lbs. 

Inches. 

Apprx. 

in. 

per  foot 
in  lbs. 

3 

.3858 

3 

8 

14.5 

.4066 

13 

32 

15 

| .4191 

I 6 

17 

4 

•4033 

13 
3 2 

.8.5 

.4311 

A 

21 

•4477 

T6  j 

22 

6 

.4383 

T5- 

3° 

.4800 

33 

! .5050 

1 

2 

34 

8 

•4734 

42 

.5289 

H 

47 

.5622 

9 

T* 

50 

10 

.5083 

\ 

55  1 

I -5777 

H 

63 

! .6194  ! 

! 1 

67 

12 

•5433 

TS 

71  i 

.6266 

* 

82  | 

.6766 

1 1 
16 

88 

x4 

•5783 

1 9 
3 5 

87 

1 -6”5 

1 11 
1 6 

102 

.7338 

f 

hi 

16 

.6166 

1 

108 

.7277 

* 

127 

152 

i -7944  ! 

13 

16 

137 

18 

.6483 

21 

32 

127 

•7  733 

11 

: -8483  j 

n 

166 

20 

.6833 

1 1 
T6 

150 

.8222 

11 

180 

•9055 

2 9 
3T 

200 

24 

•7533 

S 

4 

196 

.9200 

15 
1 0 

240  j 

| 1.0200 

I 

265 

30 

.8583 

8 

275 

1.0666 

lA 

345  j 

1.1916 

rT6 

384 

36 

.9633 

3 1 

• 32 

370 

1. 2133 

ITZ 

47o 

13633 

527 

48 

1 I»I733 

I 3 

AT6 

607 

1.5066 

777 

1.7066 

1 IH 

880 

60 

1.4110 

tie 

910 

2.0000 

2 

1,328 

! 2.2500 

2 1 

1 500 

A 


The  thicknesses  in  the  above  table  are  based 


upon 


Fanning's  formula. 


(P+ioo)d 

.4  S 


+ •333 


{•-+} 


<r = 


where  t=thickness  in  inches,  p=pressure  in  pounds, 
d=diameter  of  pipe  in  inches,  and  S=tensile  strain  in 
pounds  per  square  inch. 

The  above  table  is  calculated  with  a safety  factor  of  the  tensile  strain  would  be 

L^8oedbs.  if  no  allowance  was  made  for  co-efficient  of  safety.  An  additional  allowance  of  100 
lbs.  to  the  pressure  exerted  is  added  in  the  above  table  for  water  ram. 


Diameter  Inches. 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


THICKNESSES  OF  CAST  IRON  PIPE  USED  IN  SEVERAL  CITIES. 


<D 

tn 

•d 

<u 

0 

<u 

tk 

<J 

<u 

— y 

)* 

O 

s 

c 

3 

0 

'3 

0 

H-l 

O 

fcuO 

Kj 

O 

c 

c3 

> 

fi 

0) 

3 

’> 

3 

<u 

</3 

<u 

> 

2 

c 

<v 

45 

bJD 

<u 

‘0 

(5 

rt 

4* 

3 

cS 

jS 

rt 

f5 

.5 

*y 

"cS 

W 

0 

£ 

u 

JU 

0 

0 

in 

Oh 

0 

0 

3 

< 

<u 

Q 

45 

< 

s 

g 

u 

45 


•Head  Pressure  for  which  Pipe  are  classed,  in  feet. 


1 !5 
250 


100 

218 

120 

130 

I25 

150 

100 

130 

150 

80 

162 

100 

144 

150 

170 

170 

140 

170 

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140 

200 

200 

198 

180 

200 

260 

i 

4 

3 

8 

tV 

t 

6 

T¥ 

* 

r 

i¥ 

To 

is 

fT 

6 

2 1 
3¥ 

A 

t “ 

8 

r'sT 

i 

J 

16 

* 

8 

2 1 

¥¥ 

1+ 

* 

10 

i 

* 

1- 

f 

12 

9 

1ST 

1 

1 1 

I-®' 

A 

8 

2 1 
3S 

a 

4 

t 

12 

1 3 

1 1 o' 

2 3 

3 i 

16 

A 

8 

a 

4 

1 3 
Tti 

f+ 

f| 

16 

20 

TS 

a 

4 

15 

T 6 

7 

8 

it 

7 

¥ 

20 

I 

rt+ 

24 

1 

1 

f+ 

24 

30 

xt 

1 

if 

I¥2 

If 

30 

if 

It 

3° 

36 

if 

1 

if 

lf+ 

Its 

36 

If 

48 

if 

ITS 

If 

Thickness  of  Pipe  Shells,  in  Inches 


n 


1 A 


H 


t! 

H+ 

11+ 

H 

1T6 


If 


if 


i A 


H 


if 


4 

6 

6 

8 

8 

10 

12 

12 

16 

16 

20 

20 

24 

24 

30 

30 

30 

36 

36 

48 


Diameter  Inches. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


27 


Weight  per  Running  Foot  of  Pipes  or  Cylinders  with  no  Allowance 
for  Hub,  Spigot,  or  Flange. 


So 


THICKNESS  OF  PIPE  IN  INCHES. 


si 

c,  0 

HHfQ 

XA 

% 

Vz 

% 

% 

% 

1 

1% 

2 

Wt.  in 
Lbs. 

Wt.  in 
Lbs. 

Wt.  in 
Lbs. 

Wt.  in 
Lbs. 

Wt  in 
Lbs. 

Wt.  in 
Lbs. 

Wt.  in 
Lbs. 

Wt.  in 
Lbs. 

Wt  in 
Lbs. 

Wt.  in 
Lbs. 

Wt.  in 
Lbs. 

Wt.  in 
Lbs. 

Wt.  in 
Lbs. 

2. 

5-53 

8.76 

12.3 

16.2 

20.3 

24.8 

29-5 

34-6 

40.0 

45-7 

• 5i-7 

64.6 

78.7 

3- 

7.98 

12.5 

17.2 

22.3 

27.7 

33-4 

39-4 

45-7 

52.3 

59-2 

66.4 

8l.8 

98.4 

4. 

10.3 

16. 1 

22.2 

28.5 

35-1 

42.0 

49.2 

56.7 

64.6 

72.7 

8l.2 

99.O 

Il8. 

I 

11. 1 

17. 1 

^3-4 

30.0 

369 

44T 

5i-7 

59-5 

67.7 

76.1 

84.9 

io3- 

123. 

11.7 

18.O 

24.6 

3i.5 

38.8 

46.3 

54-1 

62.3 

70.7 

79-5 

88.6 

108. 

128. 

1 

12.3 

18.9 

25.8 

33-1 

40.6 

48.5 

56.6 

65.0 

73-8 

83-9 

92.3 

112. 

133- 

5- 

12.9 

19.8 

27.1 

34  6 

42.5 

50.6 

59-i 

67.8 

76.9 

87.2 

96.0 

» 116. 

138. 

\ 

13-5 

20.8 

28.3 

36.1 

44-3 

52.8 

61.5 

70.6 

80.0 

90.6 

99.6 

121. 

143- 

14.2 

21.7 

29.  s 

37-7 

46.1 

54-9 

64.0 

73-3 

83.0 

94.0 

10  3* 

125. 

148. 

£ 

14.8 

22.6 

30.8 

39-2 

48.0 

57-1 

66.4 

76.1 

86.1 

97-4 

107. 

129. 

153- 

6. 

15-4 

23-5 

32.0 

40.8 

49-8 

59-2 

68.9 

78.9 

89.2 

99.8 

1 11. 

134. 

158. 

\ 

16.6 

25-4 

34-5 

43-8 

53-5 

C3.5 

73-8 

84.4 

95-3 

107. 

118. 

142. 

167. 

7- 

17.8 

27.2 

36-9 

46.9 

57-2 

67.8 

78.7 

89.4 

102. 

ii3- 

126. 

151- 

177. 

4 

19. 1 

29. 1 

39-4 

50.0 

60.9 

72.1 

83.7 

95-5 

108. 

120. 

1 33- 

*59- 

187. 

8. 

20.3 

3°-9 

41.8 

53-i 

64.6 

76.4 

88.6 

101. 

1 14. 

127. 

140. 

168. 

197. 

4 

21.5 

32.8 

44-5 

56.1 

68.3 

80.7 

93-5 

107. 

120. 

134. 

148. 

177. 

207. 

9- 

22.8 

34-6 

46.8 

59.2 

72.0 

85.1 

98.4 

112. 

126. 

140. 

155- 

185. 

217. 

4 

24.0 

36-4 

49.2 

62.3 

75 -7 

89.3 

103. 

118. 

132. 

*47- 

163. 

194. 

226. 

10. 

25-1 

38.3 

5i-7 

65-3 

794 

93-6 

108. 

123. 

138. 

154. 

170. 

202. 

235- 

26.4 

40.1 

54-i 

68.4 

83.0 

97-9 

113.2 

129. 

145- 

161. 

177. 

21 1. 

245- 

11. 

27.6 

42.0 

56.6 

7i.5 

86.7 

102. 

1 1 8. 

134- 

151. 

168. 

185. 

220. 

255- 

7 

28.8 

43-8 

59-1 

74.6 

90.4 

107. 

123. 

140. 

i57. 

174. 

192. 

228. 

265. 

12 

3°.° 

45-7 

61.5 

77-7 

94.1 

hi. 

128. 

145. 

163. 

181. 

199. 

237- 

275- 

13 

32.5 

49-4 

66.4 

83.8 

102. 

120. 

138. 

156. 

i75- 

195* 

214. 

254* 

294. 

14 

35-o 

53.i 

71.4 

89.4 

109. 

128. 

148. 

168. 

188. 

208. 

229. 

271. 

3i4- 

15 

37-4 

56.7 

76.3 

96.1 

1 16. 

137. 

158. 

179. 

200. 

222. 

244. 

289. 

334- 

16 

39-i 

60.4 

81.2 

102. 

124. 

145. 

167. 

190. 

212. 

235- 

258. 

306. 

353- 

17 

42.3 

64.1 

86.1 

108. 

131. 

I54. 

177. 

201. 

225. 

249. 

2 73- 

32  3. 

373- 

18 

44.8 

67.8 

91.0 

ii5- 

139. 

3. 

187. 

212. 

2 37- 

262. 

288. 

340. 

393- 

19 

47-3 

7i-5 

96.0 

121. 

146. 

171. 

197. 

223. 

249. 

276. 

303- 

357- 

412. 

20 

49-7 

75-2 

101. 

127. 

i53. 

180. 

207. 

234- 

261. 

289. 

317- 

375- 

432. 

21 

52.2 

78.9 

106. 

i33- 

161. 

188. 

217. 

245- 

274. 

3°3- 

332. 

392- 

452. 

22 

54-6 

82.6 

hi. 

i39. 

168. 

196. 

227. 

256. 

286. 

316. 

347* 

409. 

471. 

23 

57-i 

86.3 

1 16. 

145. 

i75. 

206. 

236. 

267. 

298. 

33°- 

362. 

426. 

491. 

24 

59-6 

89.9 

121. 

1 52* 

183. 

214. 

246. 

278. 

3ii- 

343- 

375- 

444. 

5ii- 

25 

62.0 

93-6 

126. 

r58. 

190. 

223. 

256. 

289. 

323. 

357* 

39i- 

461. 

53i- 

26 

64-5 

97-3 

I3[- 

164. 

198. 

231. 

266. 

300. 

335* 

370- 

406. 

478. 

550- 

27 

66.9 

101. 

!35- 

170. 

205. 

240. 

276. 

311- 

348. 

384- 

421. 

495- 

57o. 

28 

69.4 

105. 

140. 

176. 

212. 

249. 

286. 

323. 

360. 

397- 

436. 

5 1 2- 

590. 

29 

71.8 

109. 

145- 

182. 

220. 

257. 

295- 

334- 

37  2. 

411. 

450. 

530- 

609. 

30 

74.2 

112. 

150. 

188. 

227. 

266. 

3°5- 

345- 

384- 

424. 

465- 

547- 

629. 

31 

76.7 

1 16. 

155- 

I95- 

234. 

275. 

315- 

356. 

397. 

438. 

480. 

564- 

649. 

32 

79.1 

120. 

160. 

201. 

242. 

283. 

325- 

367. 

409. 

451* 

495- 

581. 

668. 

33 

81.6 

123. 

165. 

207. 

249. 

292. 

335- 

378. 

421. 

465- 

5°9- 

598. 

688. 

34 

84.1 

127. 

170. 

213. 

257. 

300. 

345- 

389. 

434- 

479- 

524- 

616, 

708. 

35 

86.5 

1 31- 

175- 

219. 

264. 

309. 

354- 

400. 

446. 

492. 

539- 

633- 

726. 

36 

89.0 

134- 

180. 

225. 

271. 

318. 

364- 

411. 

458. 

506. 

554- 

650. 

746. 

42 

104. 

i56- 

210. 

262. 

3 1 5- 

370. 

423- 

478. 

532. 

588. 

644. 

753- 

864. 

a8 

119. 

178. 

239- 

298. 

359.  1 

422. 

482.  1 

544-  1 

605.  1 

669. 

733- 

856. 

982. 

28 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


STANDARD  FLANGE  PIPE  FOR  WATER  AND  STEAM. 

TO  CARRY  A PRESSURE  OF  IOO  LBS.  PER  SQUARE  INCH. 

{All  dimensions  in  Inches .) 


Inside  diame- 
ter of  Pipe. 

Outside 
diameter  of 
Flange. 

Diameter  of 
Bolt  Circle  on 
Centers. 

Diameter  of 
Rough  Bolt 

Thickness  of 
Finished 
Flange. 

No.  of  Bolts. 

Thickness  of 
Pipe. 

Weight  per 
Foot. 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

I 

G 

3 

8 

t 

3 

4 

4 

O.47 

17 

4 

9 

7i 

I 

3 

4 

4 

O.47 

22 

6 

11 

9\ 

1 

7 

8 

6 

O.48 

33 

8 

13 

”2 

3 

4 

7 

8 

0.54 

48 

IO 

16 

T4 

3 

4 

I 

10 

O.60 

65 

12 

18 

16* 

t 

I 

12 

0.66 

85 

14 

21 

i8| 

1 

I# 

14 

0.72 

1 10 

16 

23 

21 

i 

1* 

16 

0.78 

135 

18 

25 

23 

i 

I# 

18 

0.84 

165 

20 

27 

24| 

7 

li 

18 

0.90 

200 

24 

3i 

29I 

1 

20 

1.02 

265 

3° 

38 

35# 

H 

24 

1.20 

384 

36 

45 

42i 

i# 

i# 

30 

1.39 

540 

42 

52 

48^ 

if 

36 

1-57 

677 

48 

58? 

54i 

l7 

1 

2 

42 

i-75 

904 

Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


2 9 


STANDARD  FLANGE  PIPE  FOR  GAS. 

TO  CARRY  A PRESSURE  OF  I LB.  PER  SQUARE  INCH. 

( All  dimensions  in  Inches .) 


Inside  diame- 
ter of  Pipe. 

Outside 
diameter  of 
Flange. 

Diameter  of 
Bolt  Circles 
on  Centers. 

Diameter  of 
Rough  Bolts. 

Finished 
Thickness  of 
Flanges. 

Approx. 

’ Thickness  of 
Pipe. 

Weight  per 
Foot  of  Pipe 
in  Lbs. 

Number  of 
Bolts 

A 

B 

C 

D 

E 

G 

6 

I I 

9f 

1 

1 

TS 

30 

4 

8 

13 

1 

1 

tV 

40 

i 

4 

IO 

16 

»4 

1 

f 

r% 

5° 

* 

12 

18 

16 

I 

1 

1 

§ 

79 

8 

H 

20 

I7| 

i j 

f 

A ! 

84  j 

8 

16 

22 

*9i  j 

t 

A I 

100 

8 

18 

24 

2lf 

1 

1 

u 

T*  | 

134  ! 

8 

20 

26 

23i 

a 

4 

a 

4 

ri 

150 

8 

24 

31 

27^ 

I 

a 

4 

1 

185 

12 

30 

37 \ 

335 

a 

4 

a 

4 

i 

275 

1 

12 

30 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


WATER. 

Without  designing  to  give  an  elaborate  treatise  on  hydraulics  and  hy- 
drostatics, we  shall  endeavor  to  present  to  those  interested  a few  tables  and 
formulas  pertaining  to  these  inexhaustible  topics,  which  we  think  will  be 
found  of  use,  together  with  a few  facts  not  heretofore  brought  to  notice  in 
a work  of  this  description. 

In  cities,  towns,  or  villages  contemplating  building  water-works,  the 
first  and  most  important  point  to  decide  is  the  source  of  supply.  It  should 
be  accessible,  the  quality  pure,  and  the  quantity  bountiful.  Chemically 
pure  water  consists  of  two  gases,  oxygen  and  hydrogen,  in  the  proportion 
of  88.9  of  the  former  to  11.1  of  the  latter,  or  2 measures  hydrogen  to  1 of 
oxygen.  However,  chemically  pure  water  is  neither  obtainable  nor  desira- 
ble for  ordinary  public  and  domestic  uses.  In  that  < state  it  is  unsuited  to 
the  various  needs  of  communities  and  individuals.  All  investigation 
teaches  that  the  purest  waters  are  generally  found  in  running  streams. 
Notwithstanding  their  occasional  turbidity  from  suspended  sediments, 
they  promote  more  readily  the  precipitation  of  impurities,  and  present  a 
greater  surface  for  the  oxydizing  influence  of  the  atmosphere.  Rain-water, 
at  the  time  of  its  transition  from  vapor  to  water,  may  be  considered  pure, 
but  before  reaching  the  earth,  especially  in  populous  manufacturing  dis- 
tricts, it  absorbs  and  carries  with  it  poisonous  gases  and  other  atmospheric 
impurities,  and  we  accordingly  have  pure  air  after  “refreshing  showers,  ” 
while  cistern  waters  become  proportionately  impure,  and  emit  unpleasant 
odors  when  kept  confined  in  closely  covered  cisterns.  The  great  solvent 
properties  of  water  render  it  an  attractive  receptacle  for  extraneous  solids 
and  gases.  While  percolating  the  earth,  it  absorbs  mineral  and  other  sol- 
uble substances.  From  the  surface  it  absorbs  both  animal  and  vegetable 
impurities.  Surface  impurities  are  found  both  in  suspension  and  solution. 
Suspended  impurities  usually  impart  turbidity  or  color  to  the  water,  and 
are  removed  by  subsidence  or  filtration,  while  those  in  solution  can  be  re- 
moved only  by  distillation. 

Mr.  J.  D.  Cook,  the  eminent  hydraulic  engineer  of  Toledo,  to 
whose  report  we  are  indebted,  and  who  has  given  the  subject  much  study 
and  attention,  says:  “Organic  impurities  maybe  regarded  as  two-fold  in  or- 
igin and  effect.  As  found  in  rivers  with  ordinarily  clean  shores,  they  ger 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


3 


erally  result  from  vegetable  decomposition,  and  are  rarely  harmful  in  qual- 
ity or  quantity.  Mineral  impurities  are  frequently  beneficial.  Well  wa- 
ters usually  hold  considerable  quantities  of  lime  and  magnesia  in  solution, 
producing  what  is  termed  ‘hard  water.’  Moderately  hard  waters,  if  other- 
wise pure,  are  not  seriously  objectionable  for  drinking,  but  for  ordinary 
domestic  purposes  are  unsuited.  One  very  serious  objection,  however,  to 
the  use  of  well  water,  especially  in  thickly  settled  districts,  is  the  liability 
of  wells  to  act  as  natural  and  convenient  depositories  for  the  worst  phases 
of  pollution,  the  drainage  from  kitchens,  stables,  out-houses,  etc. — pollu 
tions  the  sources  of  which  never  cease,  but  constantly  increase.  The  water 
may  be  clear  and  cold,  and  yet  contain  impurities  of  the  most  dangerous 
nature.  Waters  which  are  impregnated,  even  to  a fearful  extent  with  or- 
ganic pollution,  are  frequently  limpid,  inodorous,  and  pleasant  to  the  taste. 
Cities  contemplating  using  water  from  any  source,  should  employ  an  ex- 
pert chemist  to  make  satisfactory  tests.  When  we  reflect  that  water  con- 
stitutes three-fourths  of  the  human  organism  ; that  ninety-five  per  cent,  of 
the  blood  and  about  eighty  per  cent,  of  our  food  is  water,  or  its  elements, 
its  purity  and  healthfulness  become  matters  of  the  most  vital  imporance.  ” 


A TABLE  SHOWING  WEIGHT  OF  WATER  PER  CUBIC  FOOT,  AT  DIFFERENT 

TEMPERATURES. 


Temperature, 
0 Fahrenheit. 

Pounds  per 
Cubic  Foot. 

Temperature, 
0 Fahrenheit. 

Pounds  per 
Cubic  Foot. 

320 

62.37 

62° 

62.31 

40° 

62.38 

70° 

62.25 

0 

0 

62.36 

8o° 

62.20 

‘ O' 
O 
0 

62.33 

86° 

62.13 

The  maximum  density  of  water  is  when  its  temperature  is  39. 2°. 
From  this  point  it  expands  by  either  cold  or  heat;  when  the  temperature 
of  320  reduces  it  to  solid  ice,  its  weight  is  only  57.2  pounds  per  cubic  foot, 
expanding  by  freezing  h of  its  original  bulk  as  water,  and  the  sudden 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


expansive  force  exerted  at  the  moment  of  freezing  has  been  calculated  to 
be  equal  to  30,000  pounds  per  square  inch. 

A cubic  foot  of  salt  water  weighs  64. 3 pounds.  The  ice  from  sea  water 
is  fresh  ; freezes  at  270  Fahr. 


RAINFALL. 

The  grand  source  of  supply  is  from  the  clouds.  They  are  the  reser- 
voirs on  which  we  depend  for  replenishing  our  streams,  springs,  wells,  and 
other  terrestrial  sources.  In  many  places  the  storage  of  the  rainfall  in  res- 
ervoirs and  tanks  is  the  only  resource  the  inhabitants  have  to  get  a supply 
of  water  for  any  purpose.  In  India  immense  ponds  or  “tanks,”  as  they 
are  called,  are  built  at  government  expense,  and  being  filled  during  the 
rainy  season,  are  the  only  places  where  water  can  be  obtained  to  support 
life  during  the  torrid  season.  During  the  rainy  season  immense  quantities 
of  rain  fall  in  that  country.  In  Madras  the  fall  is  47  inches  per  annum ; 
in  Calcutta,  60  inches — maximum  in  16  years,  82  inches;  in  Delhi,  21  inches; 
on  the  Khassya  hills,  north  of  Calcutta,  500  inches,  or  41  feet  8 inches, 
have  fallen  in  the  6 rainy  months.  In  other  mountainous  districts  of  India  an- 
nual  falls  of  10  to  20  feet  are  common.  In  the  United  States  the  rainfall 
varies  in  different  localities,  although  there  are  few  places  where  an  annual 
fall  of  at  least  24  inches  may  not  safely  be  expected.  In  making  calculations 
for  storage  reservoirs,  either  to  supply  cities,  or  feed  canals,  we  can  not  safely 
assume  more  than  the  minimum  fall  observed  during  a term  of  years,  or 
rather  somewhat  less.  Under  ordinary  circumstances  of  locality,  about 
one-half  of  this  may  be  collected.  From  this  must  be  deducted  the 
amount  lost  by  evaporation  and  leakage.  The  amount  lost  by  the  former 
process  on  water  exposed  to  the  effects  of  the  open  air  is  of  course  greatest 
during  warm  weather,  greater  in  shallow  than  in  deep  water,  and  greater 
in  running  than  in  still  water.  Trautwine  estimates  that  in  the  United 
States,  the  evaporation  from  a reservoir  of  ordinary  depth  rarely  exceeds 
.3  of  an  inch  per  diem  during  June,  July,  and  August,  or  . 1 of  an  inch 
during  the  other  months  of  the  year.  These  two  averages  would  give  a 
daily  average  of  . 1 5 inch,  or  a total  annual  loss  of  5 5 inches,  or  4 feet  7 
inches.  The  same  distinguished  engineer,  from  trials  made  by  himself  in 
the  tropics,  in  ponds  of  pure  water  8 feet  deep,  in  a stiff  retentive  clay, 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


33 


and  fully  exposed  to  a very  hot  sun  (the  thermometer  ranging  from  1150 
to  1250),  discovered  that  the  loss  during  the  dry  season  was  precisely  2 
inches  in  16  days — inch  per  day — while  the  evaporation  from  a glass 
tumbler  was  ^ inch  per  day. 

In  reservoirs  the  loss  from  filtration  through  the  banks  and  the  earth 
is  combined  with  the  loss  by  evaporation.  If  the  quantity  is  very  small, 
it  is  dried  up  at  once  by  the  sun  and  air  as  fast  as  it  reaches  the  outside, 
but  if  in  greater  quantity  it  becomes  apparent  and  shows  itself  as  leakage. 

The  total  average  loss  from  all  causes  in  reservoirs  of  moderate  depth 
and  proper  construction  will  not  exceed  .75  to  1 inch  per  day,  but  in  new 
ones  it  will  usually  be  greater. 

To  illustrate  the  weight  of  water  by  the  amount  per  inch  of  rain  on 
one  acre:  An  inch  of  rain  amounts  to  3,630  cubic  feet,  or  27,155  U.  S. 

gallons,  or  100  tons  per  acre;  or  2,323,200  cubic  feet  or  17, 379, 200  U.  S. 
gallons,  or  64,000  tons  per  square  mile. 

SUBMERGED  PIPE. 

In  crossing  streams,  and  in  laying  inlet  pipes,  it  is  sometimes  found 
advisable  to  place  flexible  joints  at  various  points  in  the  line  in  order  to 
allow  for  inequalities  in  the  bottom  over  which  the  pipe  is  laid. 

It  is  customary  to  join  four  pieces  of  ordinary  bell-and-spigot  pipe 
together  by  the  usual  lead  joint,  and,  after  lowering  them  to  the  bottom, 
to  connect  them  to  the  pipe  already  laid  by  means  of  a ball-and-socket 
joint;  a diver  then  tightens  the  bolts,  joining  the  two  parts  of  the  joint. 
This  method  has  been  used  in  many  river  crossings,  and  has  always  given 
perfect  satisfaction  when  properly  laid. 

QUANTITY  OF  WATER  REQUIRED  IN  CITIES. 

The  quantity  of  water  required  in  cities  has  been  found  to  increase 
much  faster  than  the  population.  From  30  to  40  gallons  per  capita  per 
day  in  non-manufacturing  towns,  and  from  60  to  70  per  day  in  large  com- 
mercial cities,  ought  to  be  sufficient;  but  experience  shows  that  many 
cities  consume  largely  over  the  above  figures.  With  economy  to  prevent 
wastage,  about  60  gallons  per  day  would  be  a fair  allowance  ; but  inas- 
much as  our  cleanliness,  comfort,  and  health  are  dependent  on  its  free  use, 
as  few  restrictions  as  possible  should  be  placed  on  it. 


34 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


FLOW  OF  WATER  IN  CLEAN  CAST-IRON  BITUMINJZED 
WATER  PIPES,  UNDER  THE  AVERAGE  CONDITIONS 
OF  PRACTICAL  WORK. 

The  following  tables  are  intended  to  be  sufficiently  accurate  for  or- 
dinary use.  The  curve  of  resistance  adopted  is  greater  than  that  of 
M.  Darcy , and  less  than  that  of  Eytelwein.  The  figures  are  given  to  the 
nearest  decimal,  and  are  probably  nearer  than  the  conditions  under  which 
they  might  be  used  would  ever  twice  agree. 

Their  application  is  threefold.  First : To  ascertain  the  frictional  resist- 
ance or  loss  of  head  or  pressure  within  any  size  pipe,  while  discharging  given 
quantities  of  water.  Second:  Conversely,  to  find  out  the  quantity  of  water 
flowing  in  any  size  pipe,  from  the  reduction  of  pressure.  Third : To 
ascertain  the  maximum  volume  which  any  size  water  pipe  will  discharge 
under  a given  head. 

The  frictional  resistance  is  found  when  the  quantity  is  known  by  multi- 
plying the  figures  under  that  heading  by  the  distance  in  1,000  feet,  using 
the  columns  of  4 4F eet’  ’ or  4 ‘Pounds’  ’ as  circumstances  may  require.  In  most 
cases,  that  of  pounds  will  be  more  practical. 

Suppose,  for  instance,  a fire  occurs.  Four  fire  streams  are  used,  aggre- 
gating 700  gallons  per  minute ; water  supplied  through  9,500  feet  of  16- 
inch,  and  1,500  feet  of  6-inch  pipe.  In  the  tables  we  find  the  frictional 
loss  against  700  gallons  per  minute  in  the  16-inch  pipe  to  be  .171  pounds, 
which-  for  9,500  feet  would  be  1.62  pounds,  and  in  the  6-inch  pipe,  19.083 
pounds;  or,  for  1, 500  feet,  28.62  pounds.  Combining  both  pipes  we  have  at1 
loss  in  excess  of  30  pounds.  These  figures  are  on  the  basis  of  no  other 
draught  of  water  from  the  pipes.  If,  however,  the  ordinary  flow  was  1,000 
gallons  a minute  in  the  16-inch,  and  200  gallons  a minute  in  the  6-inch,  then 
the  loss  should  be  calculated  from  the  figures  in  the  tables  for  1,700  and 
900  gallons  a minute  in  the  respective  sizes,  and  the  actual  loss  of  pressure 
for  fire  protection  would  amount  to  about  56  pounds. 

The  volume  of  waiter  flowing  is  found  by  ascertaining  the  loss  of  pres- 
sure for  each  thousand  feet  of  pipe,  and  opposite  to  the  nearest  corre- 
sponding number  in  the  column  of  frictional  head  in  the  proper  table  will 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


35 


be  found  the  volume.  For.  instance,  in  a 6-inch  pipe,  two  gauges  a thousand 
feet  apart  show  a difference  or  loss  of  pressure  of  I pound ; the  nearest 
figures  show  the  flow  to  be  150  gallons  a minute.  If  the  loss  was  10  pounds, 
we  should  in  the  same  way  find  a flow  of  500  gallons  a minute.  With  a 
16-inch  pipe,  12,000  feet  long,  and  an  observed  loss  of  pressure  of  3 pounds, 
the  loss  per  1,000  feet  would  be  0.25  pounds,  and  the  number  of  gallons 
per  minute  rather  more  than  850. 

It  is  necessary  to  observe,  that  to  make  such  use  of  the  tables  the 
gauges  used  must  exactly  agree  with  each  other  at  all  points,  or  if  only  one 
is  used  that  it  be  absolutely  correct,  and  the  static  pressure  at  the  level  of 
the  gauge  accurately  known.  When  two  gauges  are  used  their  difference 
of  level  must  be  allowed  for. 

The  maximum  quantity  which  any  size  pipe  will  discharge  is  found  by 
dividing  the  total  head  at  the  point  of  discharge,  either  pounds  or  feet,  by 
the  length  (if  the  entire  pipe  is  below  the  hydraulic  grade  line),  and  find- 
ing thus  the  hydraulic  grade  per  1,000  feet,  run  down  the  column  of  fric- 
tional head  to  the  nearest  figure,  and  opposite  we  have  the  volume. 

This  is  not  strictly  correct,  as  the  total  head  is  composed  of  the  fric- 
tional, velocity,  and  entrance  heads,  and  the  latter  two  should  be  sub- 
tracted before  dividing. 

The  velocity  head  is  given  in  the  first  column  of  the  tables,  and  the 
entrance  head  is  practically  one-half  as  much  as  the  velocity  head  (unless 
the  entrance  is  bell-mouthed,  when  no  allowance  is  necessary).  An  in- 
spection of  the  table  shows  at  once  whether  any  correction  is  necessary  for 
sufficient  accuracy.  To  illustrate:  head  215,  but  distance  2 miles;  wanted 
two  million  gallons  in  24  hours  ; this  gives  fall  per  1,000  feet  20. 3 59  feet,  or 
nearest  below  in  an  8-inch  pipe,  950  gallons  per  minute,  or  1,368,000  in 
24  hours;  same  in  a 10-inch  pipe,  1,675  gallons  per  minute,  or  2,412,000 
in  24  hours.  In  neither  of  these  cases  would  the  velocity  and  entrance 
heads  together  amount  to  onefoot,  or  an  average  reduction  of  not  over  o.  I 
foot  per  1,000,  which  would  not  change  the  figures  found. 

For  high  velocity  or  close  work  it  will  not  do  to  omit  the  correction. 


36  Thk  Addyston  Pipe  and  • Steel  Co. 


4 

-Inch  Pipe  -1,000  Feet  Long. 

Head  in  feet 
required 'to  pro- 
duce Velocity. 

Velocity  in 
Pipe  in  Feet 
per  Second. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

! 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged  per 
twenty-four 
Hours. 

Head  in  Feet 
required  to  pro- 
duce V elocity. 

Velocity  in 
Pipe  in  Feet 
per  Second. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
di- charged  per 
twenty-four 
Hours. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

.64 

25 

•5§9 

•255 

36,000 

1.62 

10.21 

400 

109,675 

47"502 

576,000 

•03 

1.28 

50 

2.010 

.871 

72,000 

I.83 

IO.85 

4?5 

123.635 

53-555 

612,000 

.06 

1. 91 

75 

4.267 

I.848 

108,000 

2.05 

11.49 

45° 

1 38.43 1 

59-957 

648,000 

.IO 

2-55 

1 00 

v 7-359 

3-188 

1447500 

2.29 

12.13 

475 

154.063 

66.727 

684,000 

.16 

3-19 

125 

11.288 

4.889 

1 80,000 

2.53 

I2f77 

5°° 

170.530 

73.870 

720,000 

.23 

3.83 

150 

16.053 

6.954 

2 1 6,000 

2.79 

1340 

525 

187.834 

81.361 

756,000 

•3* 

4-47 

175 

21.654 

9,379 

252,000 

3.06 

14.04 

55o 

205.973 

89.221 

792,000 

.41 

5 11 

200 

28.090 

12.168 

288,000 

3-35 

14.68 

575 

224.948 

97441 

828,000 

•5* 

5-74 

225 

35.363 

16.720 

324,000 

3-65 

15.32 

600 

244.760 

106.019 

864,000 

•63 

•6-37 

250 

43471 

18.831 

360,000 

3-96 

15.96 

625 

265.407 

114.963 

900,000 

•77 

7.02 

275 

52.415 

22:704 

396,000 

4.28 

16.60 

650 

286.890 

124.276 

936,000 

.91 

7.66 

3°° 

62.196 

26.941 

432,000 

4.62 

17-23 

675 

309.209 

133.939 

972,000 

1.07 

8.29 

325 

72.8t2 

3I.540 

468,000 

4.96 

17.87 

700 

332.364 

H3-979 

1,008,000 

1.24 

8.94 

350 

84.264 

36.504 

504,000 

5-33 

18.51 

725 

356.355 

1 54.363 

1,044,000 

1.42 

9-57 

375 

L 96.552 

41.827 

540,000 

5.7o 

19.15 

75o 

381.181 

165.121 

1,080.000 

6-Inch  Pipe— 1,000  Feet  Long. 


.28 

25 

.107 

.046 

36,000 

1.20 

8.79 

775 

54-40 1 

23.577 

1,116,006 

•57 

50 

.322 

.139 

72,000 

1.28 

9.08 

800 

57.948 

25..101 

1,152,000 

.01 

•85 

75 

.646 

.260 

108,000 

1.36 

9.36 

825 

61.575 

26.672 

1,188,000 

.0  2 

i- 13 

100 

1. 08 1 

.468 

144,000 

i.45 

9.65 

850 

65.312 

28.291 

1,224,000 

•°3 

1.42 

125 

1.626 

.702 

180,000 

<•53 

9-93 

875 

69.160 

29.960 

1,260,000 

.05 

1.70 

' l$° 

2.281 

.988 

216,000 

1 .62 

10.21 

900 

73-ll7 

31.671 

1,296,000 

.06 

1.99 

175 

’,.046 

1-319 

252,000 

1. 71 

IO-49 

925 

77.184 

33-43° 

1,332,000 

.08 

2.27 

200 

3.921 

1.698 

288,000 

1. 81 

10.78 

95° 

81.362 

35.237 

1,368,000 

.1° 

2-55 

225 

4.906 

2.125 

324,000 

1,90 

1 1.06 

975 

85.650 

37.102 

1,404,000 

.13 

2.84 

250 

6.002 

2.600 

360,000 

2.00 

n.35 

1,000 

90.047 

38.988 

1,440,000 

15 

3.12 

275 

7.207 

3.122 

396,000 

2.10 

11.63 

1,025 

94-555 

40.958 

1,476,000 

*.18 

3-4P 

300 

8.522 

! 3-P92 

432,000 

2.21 

1 1.92 

l,°5° 

99-173 

42.960 

1,512,000 

.21 

3-63 

325 

9.948 

1 4.309 

468,000 

2.31 

12.20 

1,075 

103.901 

45.000 

1,548,000 

.24 

3-97 

35° 

11.484 

4-975 

504,000 

2.42 

12.48 

1,100 

108.739 

47.104 

1,584,000 

.28 

4-25 

375 

13.129 

5.690 

540,000 

2-53 

12.76 

M25 

113.687 

49.247 

1,620,000 

.32 

4-54 

40a 

(4.885 

6.446 

576,000 

2.65 

>3-05 

1,150 

118.745 

5I.438 

1,656,000 

-.36 

4.82 

425 

16.751 

7,268 

612,000 

2.76 

13.33 

i,i75 

123.913 

53.677 

1,692,000 

.41 

5- * 1 

' 450 

18.727 

8.1  ii 

648,000 

2.88 

13.61 

1,200 

129.192 

5v963 

1,728,000 

•45 

5-39 

475 

20.813 

9.015 

684,000 

3.00 

13.89 

1 ,225 

134.580 

58.291 

1,764,000 

•5° 

5-67 

500 

23.009 

9.967 

720,000 

3*I3 

14.18 

1,250 

140.078 

60.674 

1,800,'  00 

•55 

5-95 

525 

25-315 

| 10.966 

756,000 

3.25 

14.46 

i,275 

145.687 

63.108 

1,836  000 

.60 

6.24 

55° 

27.731 

12.01 1 

792,000 

3-38 

14.75 

1,300 

1 5 1 .406 

65.576 

1,872,000 

.66 

6.52 

575 

30.258 

13.107 

828,000 

3-51 

15-03 

1,325 

I57-234 

68.101 

1 ,908,000 

.72 

6.81 

600 

32.894 

14.249 

864,000 

3-65 

*5-32 

i,35o 

163.173 

70.685 

1,944,000 

.78 

7.09 

625 

.35.640 

15.439 

900,000 

3-78 

15.60 

i,375 

169.222 

73.29.6 

1,980,000 

•85 

7.38 

650 

38.497 

16,678 

936,000 

3-92 

15.88 

1,400 

I75-38I 

75.965 

2,016,000 

.91 

7-66 

675 

41.464 

1 7.960 

972,000 

4.06 

16.16 

1,425 

181.650 

78.682 

2,052,000 

.98 

7-94 

700 

44.540 

19.083 

1,008,000 

4.21 

16.45 

i,45o 

188.029 

81.443 

2,088,000 

1-05 

8.22 

725 

47.727 

20.674 

1 ,044,000 

4-35 

16.73 

i,475 

i94*5i8 

84.254 

2,124,000 

1.13 

8.51 

750 

51.024 

22.101 

1 ,080,000 

4-50 

17.02 

1,500 

201.118 

87.121 

2,160,000 

37 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


6-Inch  Pipe— Concluded. 


Vv 




4->  O C 

o 

^ o o 

:y  in 
Feet 
:ond. 

g-a  *j 
% tfc 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

alions 
ed  per 
-four 
rs. 

-w  6 ^ 

4. 0 g 

:y  in  • 
Feet 
:ond. 

« “c 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

1-4 

• K O , 
§ 

£ T3 

•5  d v 

°^s 

O 

--  C!  V 

°2'i 

O 

^ 5 ^ 

. b c-.P 

_ V ^ 

O C/3 

-d  £ 

Oj.q  o 

<y  3 o 

£ O , 

« aj; 
i>CL,  a 

U.  S. 

disc 

per 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

c/}jS 

. 0 £ 

-d  m 
0 - J 

m cr  3 

hh  a;  73 

U.  S. 
disc 
per 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

• 0 s 
-o 

4.65 

17.30 

1,525 

207.827 

90.018 

2,196,000 

6.31 

20.14 

i,775 

280.975 

I2I.7I2 

2,556,000 

4.8l 

17-59 

I,55<> 

214.646 

92.969 

2,232,000 

6.48 

20.42 

1,800 

288.895 

125.138 

2,592,000 

4.96 

17.87 

i,575 

221.576 

95-98I 

2,268,000 

6.67 

20.71 

1,825 

296.926 

128.621 

2,628,000 

2,664^000 

5-12 

18.15 

1,600 

1,625 

228.6l6 

99.027 

2,304,000 

6.85 

20.99 

1,850 

305.066 

132.144 

5.29 

18.44 

235765 

1 02.04 1 

2.340.000 

2.376.000 

7.03 

21.27 

1,875 

3‘3.3l6 

135.761 

2,700,000 

2,736,000 

5-45 

18.72 

1,650 

243.025 

IO5.271 

7.22 

21.56 

1,900 

321.677 

139.343 

5.62 

19.01 

1,675 

250.395 

IO8.462 

2.412.000 

2.448.000 

7.42 

21.84 

1,925 

330.148 

143.014 

2,772,000 

578 

19.29 

1,700 

257.875 

III.699 

7.61 

22.13 

i,95° 

338.728 

I46.73I 

2.808.000 

2.844.000 

5-95 

19-57 

1,720 

265.465 

1 14.99  I 

2,484,000 

7.81 

22.41 

i,975 

347.419 

150.494 

6.13 

19.86 

i,75° 

273.165 

118.331 

2,520,000 

8.00 

22.69 

2,000 

356.220 

I 54.304 

2,880,000 

8-Inch  Pipe— 1,000  Feet  Long. 


c . 
c*  £ 

.16 

25 

.036 

.016 

36,1x30 

•5T 

574 

900 

17.681 

7.694 

1,296,000 

•5| 

.32 

5o 

.096 

.042 

72,000 

•54 

5.90 

925 

18.656 

8.081 

1,332,000 

$ 0 

.48 

75 

.182 

.078 

108,000 

•57 

6.06 

950 

19.656 

8.514 

1,368,000 

4 0 

.64 

100 

.294 

.127 

144,000 

.60 

6.22 

975 

20.683 

8.959 

1,404,000 

.01 

.80 

125 

•433 

.188 

180,000 

•63 

6.38 

. 1,000 

21.735 

9.414 

1,440,000 

.01 

.96 

150 

•59  7 

* -259 

2 1 6,000 

.66 

6-54 

1,025 

22.814 

9.882 

1,476,000 

.02 

I. *2 

‘75 

.788 

•J4 1 

252,000 

.70 

6.70 

1,050 

23.919 

10.361 

1,512,000 

•03 

1. 28 

200 

1.065 

•435 

288,000 

•73 

6.85 

1,075 

25.050 

10.851 

1,548,000 

.03 

1.44 

225. 

1*248 

•541 

324,000 

.76 

7.01 

1, 100 

26.208 

11.352 

1,584,000 

.04 

I.60 

250 

1.517 

.657 

360,000 

.80 

7.i7 

1,125 

27.391 

11.865 

1,620,000 

•°5 

1-76 

275 

1.812 

.785 

396,000 

.83 

7-33 

1,150 

28.600 

12.389 

1,656,000 

.06 

1.91 

3°° 

2.133 

.923 

432,000 

.87 

7-5° 

i,i75 

29.836 

12.924 

1,692,000 

.07 

2.07 

325 

2.481 

1.074 

468,000 

•9i 

7.66 

1,200 

31  098 

13.470 

1,7  >8,000 

.08 

2.23 

35° 

2.854 

1.236 

504,000 

•95 

7.82 

1,225 

32.386 

14.0  -‘9 

1,764.000 

.09 

2-39 

'37  5 

3.254 

i.4to 

540,000 

•99 

7.98! 

1,250 

33.699 

14.598 

1 ,800,000 

.10 

2-55 

40.0 

3^8o 

i-5£4 

576,000 

1.03 

8.14 

1,275 

35.040 

15.178 

1,836,000 

.11 

2.71 

425 

4.132 

~L79° 

612,000 

1.07 

8.30 

1,300 

36.406 

15770 

1,872,000 

•13 

2.87 

45o 

4.610 

i.997 

648,000 

1. 1 1 

8.46 

1,325 

37.798 

i6.373 

1,908,000 

.14 

3.03 

475 

5.H4 

2.215 

684,000 

1. 16 

8.62 

1,35° 

39.217 

16.988 

1,944,000 

.16 

3.i9 

500 

5.644 

2^445 

720,000 

1.20 

8.78 

i,375 

40.661 

17.613 

1,980,000 

•17 

3-35 

525' 

6.201 

2.686 

756,000 

1.24 

8.94 

1,400 

42.132 

18.251 

2,016,000 

.19 

3.5i 

550 

6.783 

2-938 

792,000 

1.29 

9.10 

1,425 

4.3.629 

18.899 

2,052,000 

. .21 

c75 

7.392 

3.202 

828,000 

i-33 

9-25 

1,45° 

45-152 

19.559 

2,088,000 

a 

8.026 

3477 

864,000 

1.38 

9.41 

i,475 

46.701 

20.230 

2,124,000 

.2$ 

3.99 

625 

0.5^7 

3.763 

900,000 

1.42 

9-57 

1,500 

48.276 

20.91 2 

2,160,000 

.27 

4.15 

650 

9-374 

4,061 

936,000 

1.47 

973 

1,525 

49.877 

21.605 

2,196,000 

•29 

4.31 

675 

10.088 

4.370 

972,000 

i-5? 

9.89 

i,55o 

51-505 

22.310 

2,232,000 

.31 

4.47 

700 

10.827 

4.690 

| 1 ,008,000 

i-57 

10.05 

i,575 

53.158 

23.026 

2,268,000 

•33 

4.62 

725 

ir. 592 

5.021 

| 1,044,000 

1.62 

10.21 

1,600 

54.838 

23-754 

2,304,000 

•3; 

4-78c 

750 

12.384 

5.364 

1 1,080,000 

1.67 

10.37 

!,625 

56.544 

24-493 

2,340,000 

.38 

4-93 

775 

1 3.201 

5.7i8 

1,116,000 

1.72 

10-53 

1,650 

58.275 

25-243 

2,3  76^,000 

.40 

5.09 

800 

14.045 

6.083 

1,152,000 

1 1.78 

10.69 

1,675 

. 60.033 

26.002 

2,41*2,000 

•43 

5.25 

825 

14.915 

6.460 

1,188,000 

I '-83 

10.85 

!,7°0 

61.818 

26.782 

2,448,000 

.46 

5-43 

850 

15.811 

6.849 

1,224,000 

1 1.88 

1 1. 00 

1,725 

63.628 

27.562 

2,4*4,000 

.48 

5-59 

875 

16.733 

7.246 

1,260,000 

i 1-94 

11. 16 

1,750 

65.464 

28.357 

2,520,000 

The  Addystox  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


« £ * 
V ft.- 

•S-o5 

:>city  in 
in  Feet 
Second. 

, Gallons 

:harged 

Minute. 

t> -3 

— V . 

V ft  ** 

S. 

C/}  1/1  b 

ft 

I*99 

1 1 -3 1 

i,775 

2.05 

11.47 

1,800 

2. 11 

1 1.64 

1,825 

2,17 

1 1.80 

1,850 

2.23 

11.97 

i,875 

2.29 

12.13 

1,90c 

2.35 

12.29 

1,925 

2.41 

12.45 

1,95° 

2.47 

12.61 

C975 

2.53 

12.77 

2,000 

2.60 

12.93 

2,025 

2.66 

13.08 

2,050 

2.73 

13-24 

2,075 

2.79 

1340 

2,100 

2.86 

13.56 

2,125 

2.93 

13.72 

2,150 

3-°° 

13.88 

2,175 

8-lnch  Pipe— Concluded. 


S 

«5 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

c a ^ 

i)  ft-— 

CJ  4>  nj 
<U  c 

G-O  d 

O Cl  — 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

s ft  *• 
0 3 

O 0 

&*§ 

33  bJ)3 
rt  1-  C 

jo 

0 

W 

w 0*  h 

°.%x 

CO  </)  ,u 

O bfljM 

TS  ET 
cs-s  « 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

T3 

(U  ^ CJ 

HH  0*3 

►H  0-0 

a 

ft 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

67.327 

29.164 

2,556,000 

3.06 

14.04 

2,200 

IO2.987 

44.612 

3,168,000 

69.215 

29.982 

2,592,000 

3-13 

14.20 

2,225 

105.319 

45.622 

3,204,000 

71.130 

30.811 

2,628,000 

2,664,000 

3.21 

14.36 

2,250 

IO7.678 

46.644 

3,240,000 

3,276,000 

73.071 

3I.652 

3-28 

14.52 

2,275 

I IO.063 

47.677 

75.038 

32.504 

2,700,000 

2,736,000 

3-35 

14.68 

2,300 

1 12.474 

48.721 

3,312,000 

3,348,000 

/ 7.03 1 

33.368 

342 

14.84 

2,325 

I I4.9I  I 

49-775 

79.051 

34.243 

2,772,000 

3.5o 

15.00 

2,350 

1 17.375 

50.842 

3,384,000 

81.096 

35.125 

2,808,000 

3-57 

15.16 

2,375 

1 19.864 

5I.9I4 

3,420,000 

3,456,000 

83.167 

36.026 

2,844,000 

3-65 

15.32 

2,400 

122.380 

53-005 

85.265 

36.935 

2,880,000 

2,916,000 

3-73 

15.48 

2,425 

I24.922 

54.109 

3,492,000 

3,528,000 

87.389 

37.855 

3.80 

15.64 

2,450 

127.489 

55-222 

89.539 

38.786 

2,952,000 

2,9^8,000 

3-88 

15.80 

2,475 

130.083 

56.346 

3,564,000 

91.715 

39729 

3-96 

15.96 

2,500 

I32.703 

57.485 

3,600,000 

3,636,000 

93.917 

40.683 

3,024,000 

4.04 

16.12 

2,525 

135.350 

58.632 

96.145 

41.648 

3.060.000 

3.096.000 

4.12 

16.28 

2,55o 

I38.O22 

59.780 

3,672,000 

3,708,000 

98.399 

42.624 

4.20 

16.44 

2,575 

I40.720 

60.952 

ioo.6"8o 

43.613 

1 3,132,000 

4.28 

16.60 

2,600 

1 143.445 

62.133 

3,744,000 

lO-Inch  Pipe— 1,000  Feet  Long. 


, 

.10 

25 

.016 

.007 

36,000 

•I3| 

2.86 

700 

3.656 

1.584 

1,008,000 

1 

.20 

5° 

.040 

.017 

72,000 

.14 

2.96 

725 

3.9II 

1.694 

1,044,000 

! 

•31 

75 

.072 

.031 

108,000 

.15 

3.06 

750 

4.174 

1.808 

1,080,000 

! 0 

•41 

100 

.113 

.049 

144,000 

.16 

3.16 

775 

4.446 

1.926 

1,116,000 

;«& 

.51 

125 

.162 

.070 

180,000 

.17 

3.27 

800 

4.726 

2.047 

1,152,000 

.61 

150 

.220 

.095 

216,000 

.18 

3-37 

825 

5-015 

2.172 

1,188,000 

•71 

i75 

.286 

.124 

252,000 

.19 

3-47 

850 

5.313 

2.301 

1,224,000 

1 

.01 

.82 

200 

.361 

.156 

288,000 

.20 

3-57 

875 

5.619 

2-434 

1,260,000 

.01! 

.92 

225 

•444 

.192 

324,000 

■ .21 

3.68 

900 

5-933 

2.570 

1,296,000 

• 02j 

1.02 

250 

•536 

.232 

360,000 

.22 

3-78 

925 

6.256 

2.710 

1,332,000 

.02 

1. 12 

275 

•637 

.276 

396,000 

.24 

3.88 

95o 

6.588 

2.854 

1,368,000 

.02 

1.23 

3°° 

•746 

•323. 

432,000 

•25 

3-98 

975 

6.928 

3.001 

1,404,000 

.03 

1 .33 

325 

.864 

•374 

468,000 

.26 

4.08 

1,000 

7.277 

3.152 

1,440,000 

•°3 

M3 

35o 

.990 

.429 

.504,000 

.27 

4.18 

1,025 

7.635 

3.307 

1,476,000 

.04 

1-53 

375 

1. 125 

.487 

540,000 

.28 

4.28 

1,050 

8.000 

Mr 

lr  I 2,Ofv 

.04 

1.63 

400 

1.268 

•549 

576,000 

•3° 

4-38 

1.075 

8.37^ 

1, 3^,000 

.03 

1 .73 

425 

1.420 

.615 

612,000 

•3i 

4,49 

1 , ioa 

8,758 

3-794 

1,584,000 

j 

.05 

1.83 

45o 

1.581 

.685 

648,000 

•33 

4- $9 

1,125 

9.150 

3-964 

1,620,000 

j 

.06 

1.93 

475 

i-75° 

t -75& 

684/  00 

•34 

4.69 

1,150 

9.550 

4.137 

1,656,000 

.06 

2.04 

500 

1.927 

•835' 

: 720,00c 

.36 

4-79 

i,i75 

9.958 

4.314 

1,692,000 

.07 

2.14 

525 

2.114 

.916 

756,000 

•37 

4.90 

1,200 

10.376 

4495 

1,728,000 

.08 

2.24 

55° 

2.308 

1. 000 

792,000 

•39 

5.co 

1,225 

10.802 

4.679 

1,764,000 

.08 

2.34 

575 

2.512 

1.084 

828,000 

.40 

5- 10 

1,250 

11.236 

4.867 

1,800,000 

.09 

2.45 

1 600 

2.723 

i->79 

864,000 

.42 

5-20 

i,275 

11.679 

5.058 

1,836,000 

.10 

2.55 

625 

2-944 

1.275 

900,000 

•44 

5-3i 

1,300 

12.131 

5-254 

1,872,000 

. 1 1 

2.65 

650 

3-!73 

1-374 

936,000 

.46 

5-4i 

1,325 

12.591 

5454 

I,908,000 

.12 

2.75 

675 

3.410 

1 1.477 

972,000 

•47 

5-5i 

i,35o 

13.059 

5.657 

1,944,000 

Cast  Iron  Pipe, 


39 


lO-Inch  Pipe-Concluded. 


*<  O 

« »-  c 

0)  ft.- 

fl  <D 

CO 

g'd  <U 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

u 

<U  - ^ 

1)  ft.tJ 

•S  l-o 

73 

g-d  <u 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

U 

</>  <D  ■ 

§ *5 

2 O 

e 1j 

0 

•ri  « « 

=3 'Si* 
oil  Sw 

° 0 

•S-og 

§ 

'0  5 41 

=3  MS 
rt  »-  a 

0 

=3 -a  <2  tn 

O w>  >>  g 

'V  u 
rt‘2  « 

o'~<s> 

~ <U 

-a  ^ 

d <u 

Mz™ 

<0  ft  >- 

•0^ 

c/5  J2  5 W 

<D  3 O 

m ct's 

W <UT3 

►S’3  ft 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

£ 

-T3 

>■&&. 

p'0  ft 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

T3 

•49 

5-  6 1 

1,375 

I3.536 

5.864 

1,980,000 

1. 25 

8.98 

2,200 

34.086 

I4.765 

3,168,000 

•SI 

5-72 

1,400 

14.022 

6.074 

2,016,000 

1.28 

9.09 

2,225 

34-855 

15.098 

3,204,000 

•53 

5.82 

1,425 

I4.5I7 

6.288 

2,052,000 

!-3I 

9.19 

.2,250 

35.631 

15.434 

3.240.000 

3.276.000 

•54 

5-92 

i,4'5o 

15.019 

6.505 

2,088,000 

i-34 

9.29 

2,275 

36.417 

15.775 

• -56 

6.02 

1 ,47  5 

15.531 

6.727 

2.124.000 

2.160.000 

1-37 

9.39 

2,300 

37.211 

l6.Il8 

3,312,000 

3,348,000 

•58 

6.13 

1,500 

16.051 

6-953 

1.40 

9.49 

2,325 

38.013 

16.467 

.60 

6.23 

1,525 

16.579 

7.18.I 

2,196,000 

i-43 

9.59 

2,350 

38.824 

16.808 

3,384,000 

.62 

6-33 

i,55o 

I7-II7 

7.414 

2,232,000 

1.46 

9.69 

2,375 

39.644 

I7.I73 

3,420,000 

3,456,000 

.64 

6-43 

1 ,575 

17.662 

7.650 

2,268,000 

1.49 

9.80 

2,400 

4O.472 

17-531 

.66 

6-53 

1,600 

1,625 

18.216 

7.891 

2,304,000 

1.52 

9.90 

2,425 

4I.309 

17.894 

3,492,000 

.68 

6.63 

18.779 

8.I34 

2.340.000 

2.376.000 

1.56 

10.00 

2,45° 

42.154 

18.260 

3,528,000 

' .70 

6-73 

!,65o 

19-351 

8.382 

i-59 

10. 1 1 

2,475 

43.008 

18.630 

3,564,000 

•A2 

6.83 

1,675 

19-931 

8.633 

2.412.000 

2.448.000 

i.62 

10.21 

2,500 

43.870 

19.003 

3,600,000 

3,636,000 

•75 

6.94 

1,700 

20.519 

8.888 

1.65 

10.31 

2,525 

44.74I 

19.381 

•77 

7.04 

1,725 

. 21.116 

9.146 

2,484,000 

1.68 

10.41 

2,550 

45.621 

19.762 

3, 672,000 

•79 

7.14 

!,75° 

21.722 

9.409 

2.520.000 

2.556.000 

1.72 

10.52 

2,575 

46.509 

20. 146 

3,708,000 

.81 

7.24 

1 ,7  7 5 

22.336 

. 9-676 

i-75 

10.62 

2,600 

47.405 

20-535 

3,744,000 

.84 

7-35 

I, 800 

J, 825 

22.959 

9.946 

2,592,000 

1.79 

10.72 

2,625 

48.3II 

20.927 

3,780,000 

.-86 

7-45 

23.590 

10.218 

2.628.000 

2.664.000 

1.82 

10.82 

2,650 

49.224 

21.323 

3,816,000 

.88 

7-55 

!,85o 

* 24.230 

10.496 

1.85 

10.92 

2,675 

50.447 

21.722 

3,852,000 

•9i 

7-65 

!,875 

24.878 

10.777 

2.700.000 

2.736.000 

1.89 

n.03 

2,700 

51.078 

22. 125 

3,888,000 

•93 

7.76 

I,9°o 

25.535 

11. 061 

i-93 

ii.13 

2,725 

52.OI7 

22.532 

3.924.000 

3.960.000 

.96 

7.86 

!,925 

26.201 

n-349 

2,772,000 

1.96 

n.23 

2,75° 

52.965 

22.942 

.98 

7-96 

i,95o 

26.875 

11.641 

2.808.000 

2.844.000 

2.00 

n.33 

2,775 

53.922 

23-357 

3,996,000 

I.OI 

8.06 

!,975 

27-557 

n-937 

2.03 

11.43 

2,80a 

54.887 

23-775 

4,032,000 

1.04 

8.17 

2,000 

28.249 

12.236 

2,880,000 

2.07 

n.53 

2,825 

55.860 

24.196 

4,068,000 

1.06 

8.27 

2,025 

28.948 

12-539 

2,916,000 

2.10 

n.63 

2,850 

56.843 

24.622 

4,104,000 

1.09 

8-37 

2,050 

29.657 

12.847 

2,952,000 

2. 14 

H-73 

2,875 

57.833 

25-051 

4,140,000 

1. 12 

• 8.47 

2,075 

30.374 

I3.I57 

2,988,000 

2.18 

11.84 

2,900 

58.833 

25.484 

4,176,000 

1. 14 

8.58 

2,100 

31.099 

I3.47I 

3.024.000 

3.060.000 

3.096.000 

2.22 

11.94 

2,925 

59.841 

25.921 

4.212.000 

4.248.000 

1. 17 

8.68 

2,I25 

31-833 

13-789 

2.25 

12.04 

2,95° 

60.857 

26.361 

1.20 

8.78 

2,150 

32.576 

14.112 

2.29 

12.14 

2,975 

61.882 

26.805 

4,284,000 

I.22j 

8.88 

2,175 

33-327. 

14-437 

3,132,000 

2-33i 

12.25 

3,000 

62.916 

27-253 

4,320,000 

12-Inch  Pipe— 1,000  Feet  Long. 


.07 

25 

.009 

.004 

36,000 

.01 

.85 

300 

•323 

. 140 

432,000 

.14 

50 

.020 

.009 

72,000 

.01 

.92 

325 

.372 

.161 

468,000 

.21 

75 

•035 

.015 

108,000 

.02 

•99 

35° 

•425 

.184 

504,000 

.28 

100 

•053 

.023 

144,000 

.02 

1.06 

375 

.481 

, .208 

540,000 

•35 

125 

.075 

.032 

180,000 

.02 

1. 13 

400 

•541 

.234 

576,000 

•43 

150 

. 100 

•043 

216,000 

.02 

1.20 

425 

.603 

.261 

612,000 

■5o 

175 

.129 

.056 

252,000 

•03 

1.28 

45° 

.670 

.290 

648,000 

•57 

200 

.161 

•°7° 

288,000 

.03 

i.35 

475 

.740 

.320 

684,000 

.64 

225 

.196 

.085 

324,000 

•03 

1.42 

500 

.813 

•352 

720,000 

.71 

250 

.235 

.102 

360,000 

•03 

1.49 

525 

.890 

.381 

756,000 

.78 

275 

.277 

.120 

396,000 

1 .04 

1.56 

550 

.970 

.420 

792,000 

40 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


12-Inch  Pipe— Continued. 


U.og 

•S-og 

a *>t3 

0 

0 

•ufii 

= « 
34)S 
— Mg 
11  m.S 

O 25 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

j:j, 

rt  v . ^ 

O 

4-»  6 • 

<u  £ £ 
<0 

£r.  - CJ 

O ° 

■Stj5 

:ity  in 
n Feet 
econd. 

<S) 

C-O  « 

0 4)  “ 

S3  bo  3 
It 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

iii, 

V J * 

O 

rt--  4) 

o'*  c/3 

— v 
v a b. 

c/ijS  Sffi 

-a  2T 
g-g  « 

0 

rZ  <D 
V Q,  U 

tojg  5k 

BST-g 

>£a 

•'rt  0) 

Q* 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

D.2  ** 
-a 

f C3 

Ph 

0. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

• 0 s 

K.2  w 
•0 

.04 

1.63 

575 

1.053 

.456 

828,000 

-38 

4.96 

1.750 

8.862 

3.839 

2,520,000 

.04 

I.70 

600 

1. 140 

•494 

864,000 

•39 

5-03 

1.775 

9.1 1 1 

3-947 

2,556,000 

•05 

I.77 

625 

1. 23 1 

•533 

900,000 

.41 

5-ii 

1,800 

9.363 

4.056 

2,592,000 

•05 

I.84 

650 

1.325 

•574 

936,000 

.42 

5.i8 

1,825 

9.619 

4.167 

2,628,000 

.06 

1. 9I 

675 

1.422 

.616 

972,000 

•43 

5-25 

1,850 

9.878 

4.279 

2,664,000 

.06 

I.98 

700 

I.523 

.660 

1,008,000 

•44 

5-32 

1,875 

IO.I4O 

4.392 

2,700,000 

.07 

2.05 

725 

I.627 

.705 

1,044,000 

-45 

5-39 

1,900 

IO.406 

4.508 

2,736,000 

.07 

2.13 

75o 

1-735 

.752 

1,080,000 

.46 

5-46 

1,925 

IO.676 

4.625 

2,77*  ,oo° 

.07 

2.20 

775 

I.846 

.800 

1,116,000 

.48 

5-53 

1,950 

IO.948 

4742 

2,808,000 

.08 

2.2  7 

800 

I.961 

.849 

1,152,000 

•49 

5.60 

J.975 

II.225 

4.862 

2,844,000 

.09 

2-34 

825 

2.079 

.900 

1,188,000 

•50 

5.67 

2,000 

II.504 

4.998 

2,880,000 

.09 

2.4I 

850 

2.200 

•953 

1,224,000 

•5i 

5-74 

2,025 

II.787 

5.106 

2,916,000 

.IO 

2.48 

875 

2.325 

1.007 

1,260,000 

•53 

5.81 

2,050 

12.074 

5.230 

2,952,000 

.IO 

2-55 

900 

2-453 

1.062 

1,296,000 

•54 

5-88 

2,075 

12.364 

5-356 

2,988,000 

.11 

2.62 

925 

2.585 

1. 120 

1,332,000 

•55 

5-96 

2,100 

12.658 

5483 

3,024,000 

.11 

2.69 

95o 

2.720 

1.178 

1,368,000 

•57 

6.03 

2,125 

12.954 

5.6ll 

3,060,000 

.12 

2.76 

975 

2.859 

1.238 

1 ,464,000 

•58 

6. 10 

2,150 

13-255 

5-742 

3,096,000 

•13 

2.84 

1,000 

3.001 

1.300 

1,440,000 

•59 

6.17 

2,175 

I3-558 

5.873 

3,132,000 

•13 

2.91 

1,025 

3-H6 

1.363 

1,476,000 

.61 

6.24 

2,200 

13.866 

6.006 

3,168,000 

.14 

2.98 

1,050 

3-295 

1.427 

1,512,000 

.62 

6.31 

2,225 

14.176 

6.I40 

3,204,000 

.14 

3-05 

1,075 

3448 

1.494 

1,548,000 

•63 

6.38 

2,250 

I4.490 

6.276 

3,240,000 

•15 

3.12 

1,100 

3.603 

1.561 

1,584,000 

•65 

6.45 

2,275 

14.808 

6.413 

3,276,000 

.16 

3-i9 

1,125 

3.763 

1.630 

1,620,000 

.66 

6-53 

2,300 

1 5* 1 29 

6-553 

3,312,000 

•17 

3.26 

1,150 

3.925 

1.700 

1,656,000 

.68 

6.60 

2,325 

15-453 

6.693 

3,348,000 

•17 

3-33 

i,i75 

4.092 

1-773 

1,692,000 

.69 

6.67 

2,35o 

15.781 

6.835 

3,384,000 

.18 

3-40 

1,200 

4.261 

1.846 

1,728,000 

•7i 

6-74 

2,375 

16.112 

6.979 

3,420,000 

•*9 

3-47 

1,225 

4-434 

1. 921 

1,764,000 

•72 

6.81 

2,400 

16.447 

7.124 

3,456,00c 

.20; 

3-54 

1,250 

4.611 

1.997 

1 ,800,000 

•74 

6.88 

2,425 

16.785 

7.271 

3,492,000 

.20 

3.61 

i,275 

4.791 

2.075 

1.836,000 

•75 

6-95 

2,450 

17.127 

7-4*9 

3,528,000 

.21 

3-69 

1,300 

4-974 

2.155 

1,872,000 

•77 

7.02 

2,475 

17.472 

7.568 

3,564,000 

.22 

3.76 

1,325 

5.161 

2.233 

1,908,000 

•78 

7.09 

2,500 

17.820 

7.719 

3,600,000 

•23 

3.83 

i,35o 

5.351 

2.318 

1,944,000 

.80 

7.16 

2,525 

18.172 

7.871 

3,636,000 

.24 

3-90 

i,375 

5-545 

2.402 

1,980,000 

.81 

7-23 

2,550 

18.528 

8.026 

3,672,000 

•25 

3-97 

1,400 

5742 

2.487 

2,016,000 

•83 

7-30 

2,575 

18.886 

8.180 

3,708,000 

•25 

4.04 

1,425 

5-942 

2.574 

2,052,000 

.84 

7-37 

2,600 

19.249 

8.338 

3,744,000 

.26 

4. 1 1 

i,45o 

6.146 

2.662 

2,088,000 

.86 

7-44 

2,625 

19.614 

8.496 

3,780,000 

.27 

4.18 

1 ,47  5 

6-354 

2.752 

2,124,000 

.88 

7-5i 

2,650 

19.983 

8.656 

3,816,000 

.28 

4-25 

1,500 

6.565 

2.844 

2,160,000 

.89 

7-58 

2,675 

20.356 

8.817 

3,852,000 

.29 

4-32 

1,525 

6.779 

2.936 

2,196,000 

.91 

7.66 

2,700 

20.732 

8.986 

3,888,000 

•30 

4-39 

i,55o 

6.997 

3-031 

2,232,000 

•93 

7-73 

2,725 

21. hi 

9.144 

3,924,000 

•31 

4.46 

L575 

7.218 

3.127 

2,268,000 

•95 

7.80 

2,750 

21.494 

9.310 

3,960,000 

•32 

4-54 

1,600 

7.442 

3.224 

2,304,000 

.96 

7.87 

2,775 

21.881 

9478 

3,996,000 

•33 

4.61 

1,625 

7.671 

3-323 

2,340,000 

.98 

7-94 

2,800 

22.270 

9.646 

4,032,000 

•34 

4.68 

i,65o 

7.902 

3.423 

2,376,000 

1. 00 

8.01 

—2,825 

22.663 

9.817 

4,068,000 

•35 

4-75 

i,675 

8.137 

3-525 

2,412,000 

1. 01 

8.08 

2,850 

23.060 

9.989 

4,104,000 

.36 

4.82 

1,700 

8-375 

3.628 

2,448,00c 

1.03 

8.15 

2,875 

23.460 

10.162 

4,140,000 

•37 

4.89 

1,725 

8.617 

3-732 

2,484,00c 

1.05 

8.23 

2,900 

23.864 

io.337 

4,176,000 

Cast  Iron  Pipe 


4i 


12-Inch  Pipe— Concluded. 


Head  in  Feet 
required  to  prc 
duce  Velocity 

Velocity  in 
Pipe  in  Feet 
per  Second. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged  pe 
twenty-four 
Hours. 

Head  in  Feet 
1 required  to  prc 
duce  Velocity 

Velocity  in 
Pipe  in  Feet 
per  Second. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged  pel 
twenty-four 
Hours. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

I.07 

8.30 

2,925 

24  271 

IO.514 

4,212,000 

I.32 

9 22 

! 3.250 

29.874 

I2.94O 

4,680,000 

I.09 

8-37 

2,950 

24.681 

IO.691 

4,248,000 

1-34 

9.29 

1 3,275 

; 30.329 

I3-I38 

4,716,000 

I. II 

8.44 

2,975 

25  095 

IO.870 

4,284,000 

1.36 

! 9.36 

1 3,300 

30.788 

I3-336 

4,752,000 

1.13 

8.51 

3.000 

25.512 

II. 051 

4,320,000 

1-38 

I 9-43 

3,325 

31-250 

13  536 

4,788,000 

1.15 

8.58 

3-025 

25  933 

11.233 

4,356,000 

1 40 

9-50 

3.350 

31-715 

rj-738 

4,824,000 

1.17 

8.6c 

3.050 

26.357 

II. 417 

4,392,000 

1.42 

9-57 

! 3,375 

32.184 

13-942 

4.860,000 

1. 18 

8.72 

3,075 

26.785 

II.603 

4,428,000 

1-45 

9.64 

! 3,4oo 

32.656 

I4-H5 

! 4,896,000 

1.20 

8.79 

3,100 

27.216 

II.789 

4,464,000 

1.47 

9 71 

1 3,425 

33,132 

14-352 

4,932,000 

1.22 

8.86 

3,125 

27.650 

II  978 

4,  500,000 

1.49 

9.78 

j 3,45o 

33.611 

14.560 

4,968,000 

I.24 

8-93 

3,150 

28  088 

12.167 

4,536,000 

1. 5i 

985 

3,475 

34.094 

14.769 

5,004,000 

1.26 

9.00 

3,i75 

28  529 

12.358 

4,572,000 

i-53 

9.93 

3.5oo 

34-580 

14-979 

5.040,000 

1.28 

9.08 

3,200 

28.974 

!2  550 

4,608,000 

1.56 

10.00 

3,525 

35-069 

15.191 

5 076,000 

I.30 

9.15 

3,225 

29.422 

12-745 

4,644,000 

14-Inch 

Pipe— 1,000 

Feet  Long. 

-1 

.iol 

5o 

.012 

•0051 

72.000] 

•17 

| 3 33 

1,600 

3-5io 

1.520 

j 2,304,000 

O 

O 

.21 

100 

.029 

•013! 

144,000 

.18 

3- 44 

1.650] 

3-725 

1.614 

2,376,000 

.31 

150 

•053 

•023! 

216.000 

.20 

3-54 

* 1,700! 

3-946 

1.709 

J 2,448,000 

S O 

.42 

200 

•083 

.036 

288,000! 

.21 

3-65 

i- 75o| 

4- 1 73 

1.808 

2,520,000 

•52 

250 

.119 

.052 

36o,oooj 

.22 

3-75 

1,800 

4.407 

1.909 

2,592,000 

£> 

•63 

300 

.162 

.OJO 

432,000! 

•23 

3.86 

1,850! 

4.647 

2.013 

2,664,000 

-1 

•73 

350 

.211 

.091 

504,000! 

•24 

3-96 

1,900 

4.894] 

2.118 

2,736,000 

.01 

•83 

400 

.267 

.Il6 

576,000 

.26 

4.06 

i,95o 

5-H7 

2.229 

2,808,000 

.01 

•94 

45° 

•329 

.143 

648,000 

•27 

4.17 

2,OOOj 

5.406 

2.342 

2,880,000 

.02 

1.04 

500 

•397 

.172 

720,000 

.28; 

427 

2,050! 

5.672 

2-457 

2,952,000 

.02 

115 

550 

.472 

.204 

792,000 

•3o| 

4-38 

2,100, 

5-944 

2-575 

3,024,000 

.03 

i-25 

600 

•553 

.240 

864  000 

•3i 

4.48 

2,150] 

6.222 

2.695 

3,096,000 

.03I 

i-35 

650 

.640 

.277 

936,000 

•33 

4-59 

2,200 

6.507 

2.818 

3,168,000 

•03 

i.46( 

700 

•734 

.318 

1.008,000 

34 

4.69 

2.250 

6.798 

2-945 

3,240,000 

.04 

1-56 

750 

•834 

.362 

1,080,000 

•36 

4.80 

2,300 

7-095 

3-073 

3,312,000 

.04 

1.67 

800 

.941 

.408 

1,152  000 

•37 

4.90 

2,350 

7-399 

3-205 

3,384,000 

•05 

i-77, 

1 850 

1-053 

•457 

1,224,000 

•39] 

5.00 

2,400 

7.709 

3-339 

3,456,000 

.06 

1.88 

900 

1 i73 

.508 

1,296.000 

.41 

5-11 

2,45° 

8.026 

3-477 

3,528,000 

.06 

1.98; 

95° 

1.298 

■561 

1,368.000 

.42 

5-2i 

2,500 

8-349 

3.617 

3,600,000 

.07 

2.08I 

1,000 

i-43o 

.619 

1,440.000 

•44 

5-32 

2.550 

8.678 

3-759 

3,672,000 

.07 

2.18 

1,050 

1.568 

.678) 

1,512,000 

.46 

5-42 

2 600 

9.014 

3-905 

3,7 44, 000 

.08 

2.29 

1,100 

i-7i3 

.742 

1,584,000 

•47 

5-52 

2,650 

9-356; 

4053 

3,816,000 

.09 

2-39 

1,150 

1.864 

.807 

1,656,000 

•49 

5-63 

2,700 

9-704! 

4.204 

3,888,000 

.10 

2.50 

1,200 

2.022 

.876 

1,728,000] 

•5i 

5-73 

2,750 

10.059 

4-357 

3,960,000 

.11 

2.60 

1,250 

2.185 

•949 

1. 800. 0001 

•53 

5.84 

2,8ool 

10.420 

4-5H| 

4,032,000 

.12 

2.71 

1,300 

2.356 

1. 021 

1,872,00a] 

•55 

5-94 

2,850 

10.7881 

4-673 

4,104,000 

.13 

2.81 

1,35° 

2.532 

1.097 

i,944,ooo| 

•57 

6.05 

2,900 

1 1 . 161 j 

4- 835i 

4,176,000 

•*3 

2.91 

1,400 

2.715 

1.176 

2,016,00a 

•59 

6 15 

2,950 

11.542 

5.000 

4,248,000 

.14 

3.02 

1,45° 

2.904 

1.258 

2,088,000 

.61 

6.25 

3,000 

11.928 

5-i67 

4,320,000 

•15 

3-13 

1,500 

3.100 

1-343 

2, 160,00a 

•63 

6.36 

3,050 

12.321 

5-337 

4,392,000 

.161 

3-231 

1,55° 

3-302 

1.430 

2,232,0001 

.65 

6.46 

3,!ool 

12.721 

5-5IQ 

4.464,000 

4- 


The  Addyston  1jipe  and  Steel  Co. 


V 


14-Inch  Pipe— Concluded. 


* s * 

(/) 

u 

73  4)  . 

« 8 

73 

V P.S 

C V<n 

a-o  *> 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

§ 

V 

.Sg  * 

g-ss 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

0 2 

O g 

•S-o  " 

^8 
•-  c <U 

IN 

o»s 

=5-0*2  g 

O So  £*3 

^ O 0 

.s-S « 

8 

OJSS 

s-O'S* 
O So  ^3 

•O 

rt--  4) 

o'Z* 

4)  a ^ 

rt--  a> 

« a*; 

• rt  h-; 

v H.y 
X ? = 

'>ss. 

s. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

• 0 ^ 

P.2  ~ 
-a 

V 3 J 
►r  cr  3 

rL  a; 

p-S. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

• O > 
P W «-» 

.67 

6.57 

3,150 

13.126 

5.685 

4,536,000 

1. 00 

8.0,2 

3,850 

19.474 

8-435 

5,544,ooo 

.69 

6.67 

3,200 

I3-538 

5.864 

4.608.000 

4.680.000 

1.03 

8.13 

3,900 

19-975 

8.653 

5,616,000 

•71 

6.77 

3,250 

13-957 

6.046 

1.05 

8.23 

3,950 

20.483 

8.872 

5.688.000 

5.760.000 

•74 

6.88 

3,300 

14.381 

6.229 

4,752,000 

1.08 

8-34 

4,000 

20.997 

9-095 

.76 

6.98 

3,350 

14.813 

6.416 

4,824,000 

I. II 

8.44 

4,050 

21.517 

9.320 

5,832,000 

.78 

7.09 

3,400 

I5-250 

6.607 

4,896,000 

II3 

8-54 

4,100 

i 22.044 

9-549 

5.904.000 

5.976.000 

.86 

7.19 

3,450 

I5-694 

6.798 

4,968,000 

1. 16 

8.65 

4,150 

1 22.577 

9-779 

.83 

7.29 

3,500 

l6. 144 

6.993 

5,040,000, 

1. 19 

8-75 

4,200 

23.116 

10.013 

6,048,000 

.85 

7.40 

3,550 

l6.6oi 

7-I9I 

5.112.000 

5.184.000 

1.22 

8.86 

4,250 

23.662 

10.250 

6, 1 20,000 

.87 

7-5° 

3,600 

17.064 

7-392 

1.25 

8.96 

4,300 

24.214 

10.488 

6,192,000 

.90 

7.61 

3,650 

17-533 

7-594 

5.256.000 

5.328.000 

1.28 

9.07 

4,350 

24.772 

10.687 

6,264,000 

.92 

7.7i 

3,700 

18.009 

7.800 

I-3I 

9.17 

4,400 

25-337 

10.975 

6,336,000 

•95 

7.82 

3,750 

18.491 

8.009 

5,400,000 

i-34 

9.28 

4,450 

25.909 

11.223 

6,408,000 

.98 

7.92 

3,800 

18.979 

8.221 

5,472,000! 

1 1-37 

9.38 

4,5oo 

26.4.86 

n-473 

6,480,000 

16-Inch  Pipe— 1,000  Feet  Long. 


O 

.08 

5° 

.008 

.003 

72,000 

.09 

2.47 

L55° 

1.732 

.750 

2,232,000 

.16 

100 

.018 

.008 

144,000 

.10 

2-55 

1,600 

- 1.840 

-797 

2,304,000 

_ 

•24 

150 

.031 

.013 

216,000 

.11 

2.63 

1,650 

I-95I 

. .845 

2,376,000 

0 

0 

•32 

200 

.048 

.021 

288,000 

.12 

2.71 

1,700 

2.066 

.895 

2,448,000 

.40 

250 

.068 

.029 

360,000 

.12 

2.78 

L75o 

2.184 

.946 

2,520,000 

eJ 

X 

.48 

3°° 

.091 

•039 

432,000 

•13 

2.87 

1,800 

2.305 

-999 

2,592,000 

•56 

350 

.117 

•°5 1 

504,000 

.14 

2-95 

1,850 

2.429 

1.052 

2,664,000 

$ 

<u 

.64 

400 

• 147 

.064 

576,000 

.14 

3-03 

1,900 

2-557 

1. 108 

2,736,000 

t-4 

.72 

45° 

.180 

.078 

648,000 

•15 

3- 11 

i,95o 

2.688 

1.165 

2,808,000 

.01 

.80 

5°° 

.216 

.094 

720,000 

.16 

3-i9 

2,000 

2.822 

1.222 

2,880,000 

.01 

.88 

55o 

.256 

.111 

792,000 

• 17 

3- 27 

2,050 

2.960 

1.282 

■ 2,952,000 

.01 

.96 

600 

.299 

.130 

864,000 

•17 

3-35 

2,100 

3-ioo 

1-343 

3,024,000 

.02 

1.04 

650 

-345 

.149 

946,000 

.18 

3-43 

2, 150 

3-244 

1.405 

3,096,000 

.02 

1.12 

700 

-394 

.171 

1,008,000 

.19 

3-51 

2,200 

3-392 

1.469 

3,168,000 

.02 

1.20 

75o 

• 447 

.194 

1,080,000 

.20 

3-59 

2,250 

3-542 

1-534 

3,240,000 

.03 

1.28 

800 

.502 

.217 

1,152  000 

.21 

3- 67 

2,300 

3.696 

1. 60 1 

3,312,000 

•03 

1.36 

850 

.562 

.244 

1,224,000 

.22 

3-75 

2,35° 

3.853 

1.669 

3,384,000 

.03 

1.44 

900 

.624 

.272 

1,296,000 

•23 

3-83 

2,400 

4.013 

1.738 

3,456,000 

.04 

1-52 

95o 

.690 

■299 

1,368,000 

.24 

3-9i 

2,450 

4.177 

1.809 

3,528,000 

.04 

1.60 

1. 000 

.758 

.328 

1,440,000 

•25 

3-99 

2,500 

4-344 

1.882 

3,600,000 

.04 

1.68 

1.050 

.831 

.360 

1,512,000 

.26 

4.07 

2,55° 

4-5I4 

1-995 

3,672,000 

•05 

1.76 

1. 100 

.906 

.392 

1,584,000 

.27 

4-i5 

2,600 

4.687 

2.030 

3,744,009 

•05 

1.84 

1. 150 

.985 

.427 

1,656,000 

.28 

4-23 

2,650 

4.864 

2.107 

3,816,000 

.06 

1.92 

1.200 

1.067 

.462 

1,728,000 

.29 

4-3i 

2, 700 

5-044 

2.185 

3,888,000 

.06 

2.00 

1.250 

1.152 

-499 

1,800,000 

•3° 

4-39 

2,750 

5.227 

2.264 

3,960,000 

.07 

2.07 

1.300 

1.240 

•537 

1,872,000 

•31 

4-47 

2,800 

5-413 

2.345 

4,032,000 

.07 

2.15 

1-350 

1-332 

-577 

1,944,000 

.32 

4-55 

2,850 

5.603 

■ 2.427 

4,104,000 

.08 

2.23 

1.400 

1.427 

.618 

2,016.000 

-33 

4-63 

2,900 

5-796 

2.51 1 

4,176,000 

.08 

i 2.31 

1.450 

1.525 

.661 

2,088,000 

•35 

4.71 

2,95° 

5-992 

2.596 

4,248,000 

.09 

I 2.39 

1.500 

1.627 

.705 

2,160,000 

.36 

4-79 

3,ooo 

6.192 

2.682 

4,320,000 

Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


43 


16-Inch  Pipe— Concluded. 


2 £ 
a.t: 
° o 
•O^ 

:ity  in 
n Feet 
econd. 

tfl 

G 73  « 

l&l 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

in  v 

eft" 

0 2 
rt  4>  > w 

0 

fa  n'v 
^ 0 0 

a “ 

• ~ -a 

:ity  in 
n Feet 
econd. 

Gallons 

larged 

dinute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

u>  <0  , 
fifth 
0 0 • 

GTS  *2  M 
c«  <U  J " 

O 

u ^ 

c/i  00  u 

• 5 

Cfl.fi  <ufa 

V 

T3  u 
rt--  « 

0 w 
— « 

V ft  J* 

^ (=5 
efi  8 u 

c/5.3 

U*  3 
<U  T3 

ft 

t^ft 

Feet. 

Pounds 

-0 

trl  0*3 

fa  u -a 

ft 

P ft 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

pS* 

-0 

-37 

4.87 

3,050 

6-395 

2.770 

4,392,000 

•75 

6-94 

4,350 

12.813 

5-55o 

6,264,000 

•38 

4-95 

3,100 

6.601 

2.859 

4,464,000 

•77' 

7.02 

4,400 

I3.IO4 

5.676 

6,336,000 

•39 

5-03 

3,i5o 

6.8lO 

. 2-949 

4,536,000 

-78 

7.10 

4,45° 

I3-398 

5.804 

6,408,000 

•41 

5-n 

3,200 

7.023 

3.042 

4,608,000 

.80 

7.18 

4 5 00 

I3-695 

5.932 

6,480,000 

.42 

5-i9 

3,250 

7-238 

3-135 

4,680,000 

.82 

7.26 

4 550 

13.996 

6.063 

6,552,000 

43 

5-27 

3,300 

7-457 

3-230 

4.752,000 

.84 

7-34 

4,600 

14.300 

6.194 

6.624,000 

.44 

5-35 

3,350 

7.680 

3-327 

4,824,000 

.86 

7.42 

4.650 

14.607 

6.327 

6,696,000 

.46 

5-43 

3,400 

7-905 

3-424 

4,896,000 

-87 

7-5o 

4>70° 

14.918 

6.462 

6,768,000 

•47 

5-5i 

3,450 

8.134 

3-523 

4 968,000 

.89 

7-58 

4,750 

I5-232 

6.598 

6,840,000 

•49 

5-59 

3,5oo 

8.367 

3-625 

5,040,000 

.91 

7. 66 

4,800 

15-549 

6-735 

6,912,000 

•5° 

5-67 

3,550 

8.602 

3.726 

5,112,000 

•93 

7-74 

4,850 

15.869 

6.874 

6,984,000 

•5i 

5-75 

3,600 

8.841 

3-830 

5, 184  000 

•95 

7.82 

4,900 

16.193 

7-015 

7,056,000 

•53 

5-83 

3,650 

9.083 

3-935 

5,256,000 

•97 

7.90 

4,95° 

16.520 

7.156 

7,128,000 

•54 

5-9i 

3,7oo 

9.328 

4.041 

5,328,000 

•99 

7-9& 

. 5,00° 

16.850 

7.298 

7, 200,000 

•56 

5-99 

3,750 

9-576 

4.148 

5,400,000 

1. 01 

8.06 

5,050 

17.183 

7-434 

7,272,000 

•57 

6.07 

3,800 

9.828 

4-257 

5,472,000 

1.03 

8.14 

5,100 

17.520 

7.589 

7,344,000 

•59 

6.15 

3,850 

10.083 

4.368 

5.544,000 

io5 

8.22 

5,i5o 

17.860 

7.736 

7,416,000 

.60 

6.23 

3,9oo 

10.341 

4.480 

5,616,000 

1.07 

8.30 

5,200 

18.203 

7.884 

7,488,000 

.62 

6.31 

3,950 

10.603 

4-593 

5,688,000 

1.09 

8.38 

5,250 

18.549 

8.033 

7,560  000 

•63 

6.38 

4,000 

10.868 

4.707 

5,760,000 

1. 11 

8.46 

5,300 

18.899 

8.187 

7,632,000 

.65 

6.46 

4,050 

11.136 

4.824 

5,832,000 

i-i3 

8-54 

5,350 

19.252 

8.340 

7,704,000 

.67 

6-54 

4,100 

11.407 

4.941 

5,904,000 

1. 16 

8.62 

5,400 

19.608 

8-493 

7,776,000 

.68 

6.62 

4,i5o 

11.682 

5.060 

5,976,000 

1. 18 

8.70 

5,450 

19.968 

8.649 

7,848,000 

.70 

6.70 

4,200 

11.960 

5.180 

6,048,000 

1.20 

8.78 

5,5oo 

20.331 

8.707 

7,920,000 

.72 

6.78 

4,250 

12.241 

5-303 

6, 120,000 

1.22 

8.86 

5 550 

20.697 

8.965 

7,992,000 

•73 

6.86 

4,3oo 

12.525 

5.426 

6,192,000 

1.24 

8-94 

5,600 

21.066 

9-125 

8,064,000 

18 

-Inch 

Pipe— 1, 

O 

O 

O 

Feet  Long. 

.06 

50 

.005 

.002 

72,000 

.02 

1. 19 

95° 

•398 

.172 

1,368,000 

•13 

100 

.012 

.005 

144,000 

•03 

1.26 

1,000 

•437 

.189 

1.440, 000 

0 

£ 

.19 

150 

.020 

.009 

216,000 

•03 

1.32 

1,050 

-477 

.204 

1.512,000 

•25 

200 

.030 

.013 

288,000 

•03 

i-39 

1,100 

.520 

.225 

1 584,000 

0 

•3i 

250 

.042 

.018 

360,000 

•03 

i-45 

1,150 

•564 

•244 

1,656,000 

o' 

.38 

3°o 

•055 

.024 

432,000 

.04 

I-5I 

1,200 

.61 1 

.266 

1,728,000 

G 

•44 

350 

.071 

.031 

504,000 

.04 

1.58 

1,250 

•659 

.285 

1,800,000 

rG 

•50 

400 

.088 

.038 

576,090 

.04 

1.64 

1,300 

•709 

•307 

1,872,000 

in 

•57 

45° 

.107 

.046 

648,000 

•05 

1.70 

I,35° 

.760 

•329 

1,944,000 

<U 

•63 

500 

.128 

•055 

720,000 

•05 

1.77 

1,400 

.814 

•353 

2,016,000 

.70 

550 

•151 

.065 

792,000 

•05 

1.83 

1,450 

.869 

•376 

2,088,000 

.76 

600 

•i75 

.076 

864,000 

.06 

1.89 

1,500 

.926 

-401 

2, 160,000 

.OI 

•82 

650 

.202 

.088 

936,000 

.06 

i-95 

i,55o 

•985 

•427 

2,232,000 

.OI 

.88 

700 

•230 

.100 

1,008.000 

.06 

2.02 

1,600 

1.046, 

•453 

2,304,000 

•OI 

•94 

750 

.260 

•n3 

1,080,000 

.07 

2.08 

1,650 

1. 109 

.480 

2,376,000 

.02 

1. 01 

800 

.391 

.126 

1,152,000 

.07 

2.14 

1.700 

i*  173 

.508 

2,448  000 

.02 

1.07 

850 

•325 

.141 

1,224,000 

.08 

2.21 

i,75o 

1.239 

•537 

2,520.000 

.02 

I-I3 

900 

• 360 

.156 

1,296,000! 

.08 

2.27 

1,800 

1.307 

.566 

2,592,000 

44 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


18-Inch  Pipe  Concluded. 


required  to  pro- 
duce Velocity. 

Velocity  in 
Pipe  in  Feet 
per  Second. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged  per 
twenty-four 
Hours. 

Head  in  Feet 
required  to  pro- 
duce Velocity. 

Velocity  in 
Pipe  in  Feet 
per  Second. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged  per 
twenty-four 
Hours. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

.09 

2-33 

1,850 

1-377 

.596 

2,664,000 

•44 

5-30 

4,200 

6.702 

2.903 

6,048,000 

.09 

2.40 

1,900 

I.448 

.627 

2,736,000 

•45 

5-36 

4,250 

6.859 

2.971 

6,120,000 

.09 

2.46 

1,950 

1.522 

.660 

2,808,000 

.46 

5-43 

4,30° 

7.017 

3.040 

6,192,000 

.IO 

2.52 

2,000 

1-597 

.692 

2,880,000 

•47 

5-49 

4,350 

7.178 

3.IO9 

6,264,000 

.IO 

2.58 

2,050 

I.674 

.725 

2,952,000 

•48 

5-55 

4,40° 

7.340 

3*I79 

6,336,000 

.11 

2.65 

2,100 

1-753 

•759 

3,024,000 

•49 

5.61 

4,45° 

7.504 

3.251 

6,408,000 

.11 

2.71 

2,150 

1.834 

•794 

3,096,000 

•5o 

5-67 

4,5°° 

7.670 

3.322 

6,480,000 

.12 

2.78 

2,200 

I.916 

.830 

3,168,000 

•5i 

5-73 

4,55° 

7.837 

3-395 

6,552,000 

.13 

2.84 

2,250 

2.000 

.866 

3,240,000 

• 52 

5-79 

4,600 

8.007 

3468 

6,624,000 

2.90 

2,300 

2.087 

.904 

3,312,000 

•53 

5.85 

4,650 

8.178 

3-543 

6,696,000 

.14 

2.96 

2,350 

2.175 

.942 

3,384,000 

•54 

5-9i 

4,700 

8.351 

3.617 

6,768,000 

• 14 

3-°3 

2,400 

2.264 

.981 

3,456,000 

•55 

5-97 

4,75° 

8.526 

3.693 

6,840,000 

.15 

3-°9 

2,450 

2.356 

1.02 1 

3,528,000 

•57 

6.03 

4,800 

8.703 

3.770 

6,912,000 

.15 

3i5 

2,500 

2.449 

1. 06 1 

3,600,000 

•58 

6. 10 

4,850 

8.88l 

3.847 

6,984,000 

.16 

3-2i 

2,550 

2-544 

1. 102 

3,672,000 

•59 

6.16 

4,9oo 

9.062 

3-925 

7,056,000 

.17 

3-27 

2,600 

2.64I 

1. 144 

3,744,000 

.60 

6.23 

4,950 

9.244 

4.004 

7,128,000 

.17 

3-34 

2,650 

2.740 

1.187 

3,816,000 

.62 

6.30 

5,ooo 

9.428 

4.084 

7,200,000 

.18 

340 

2,700 

2.841 

1.231 

3,888,000 

•63 

6.36 

5,050 

9.613 

4.164 

7,272,000 

.19 

347 

2,750 

2.943 

1.275 

3,960,000 

.64 

6-43 

5,IOC 

9.801 

4.245 

7,344,000 

.19 

3-53 

2,800 

3-°47 

1.320 

4,032,000 

•65 

6-49 

5,^0 

9.990 

4.327 

7,416,000 

.20 

3*59 

2,850 

3-i54 

1.366 

4,104,000 

.67 

6-55 

5,200 

10.182 

4-4II 

7,488,000 

.21 

3-66 

2.  900 

3.261 

1413 

4,176,000 

.68 

6.62 

5,250 

- io*375 

4-493 

7,560,000 

.22 

3-72 

2^95° 

3-371 

1.460 

4,248,000 

.69 

6.68 

5,3oo 

10.570 

4.578 

7,632,000 

.22 

3.78 

3,000 

3483 

1.509 

4,320,000 

• 7i 

6-74 

5,35o 

1 0.766 

4.663 

7,704,000 

.23 

3-85 

3,050 

3-596 

1.558 

4,392,000 

.72 

6.80 

5,4oo 

10.965 

4-749 

7,776,000 

.24 

3-91 

3400 

3-71 1 

1.607 

4,464,000 

•73 

6.87 

5,45o 

11.165 

4.836 

7,848,000 

.24 

3-97 

3450 

3.828 

1.658 

4,536,000 

•75 

6-93 

5,5oo 

11.367 

4-923 

7,920,000 

.25 

4*°3 

3,200 

3-947 

1. 710 

4.608,000 

•76 

7.00 

5,55o 

n.571 

5.0!2 

7,992,000 

.26 

4. 10 

3,250 

4.0»f 

1.762 

4,680,000 

• 78 

7.06 

5,600 

11.777 

5. 101 

8,064,000 

.27 

4.16 

3,300 

4.189 

1.815 

4,752,000 

•79 

7-13 

5,650 

11.984 

5"I9° 

8,136,000 

.28 

4.22 

3,350 

4.3H 

1.874 

4,824,000 

.80 

7.19 

5,7oo 

12.193 

5.281 

8,208,000 

.29 

4.29 

3,400 

4440 

1.923 

4,896,000 

.82 

7-25 

5,75o 

12.405 

5-372 

8,280,000 

.29 

4-35 

3,450 

4.567 

1.978 

4,968,000 

•83 

7-32 

5,8oo 

12.618 

5.466 

8,352,000 

.30 

441 

3,500 

4.697 

2.034 

5,040,000 

.85 

7-38 

5,850 

12.832 

5.558 

8,424,000 

.31 

4.48 

3,550 

4.828 

2.091 

5,112,000 

.86 

7-45 

5,9oo 

13-049 

5-652 

8,496,000 

.32 

4-54 

3,600 

4.962 

2.148 

5,184,000 

.88 

7-51 

5,95o 

13.267 

5-747 

8,568,000 

•33 

4.61 

3,650 

5.097 

2.208 

5,256,000 

.89 

7- 57 

6,000 

13.488 

5.842 

8,640,000 

•34 

4.67 

3,700 

5-234 

2.267 

5,328,000 

.90 

7-63 

6,050 

13.710 

5-934 

8,712,000 

•35 

4-73 

3,750 

5.372 

2.327 

5,400,000 

.92 

7.69 

6,100 

13.933 

6.035 

8,784,000 

•36 

4.8c 

3,800 

5.5I3 

2.388 

5,472,000 

•93 

7-75 

6,150 

14.159 

6.133 

8,856,000 

•37 

4.86 

3,850 

5-655 

2.45° 

5,544v°°° 

•95 

7.82 

6,200 

14.386 

6.231 

8,928,000 

•38 

4.92 

3,900 

3-799 

2.512 

5,616,000 

•97 

7.88 

6,250 

14.616 

6.331 

9,000,000 

■39 

4.98 

3,950 

5-945 

2-575 

5,688,000 

.98 

7-94 

6,300 

14.847 

6.430 

9,072,000 

4° 

5-°4 

4,000 

6.093 

2.639 

5,760,000 

1. 00 

8.01 

~ 6,350 

15.080 

6.532 

9,144.000 

41 

5.10 

4,050 

6.242 

2.704 

5,832,000 

1. 01 

8.07 

6,400 

15-314 

6.633 

9,216,000 

42 

5-J7 

4400 

6.394 

2.770 

5,904,000 

1.03 

8.13 

6,450 

i5.55i 

6-736 

9.288,000 

43 

5-23 

4450 

6.547 

2.836 

5,976,000 

1.04 

8.19 

6,500 

15.789 

6.8391 

9*360,000 

Cast  Iron  Pipe, 


45 


20-1  nch  Pipe— 1,000  Feet  Long. 


Head  in  Feet 
required  to  pro- 
duce Velocity. 

Velocity  in 
Pipe  in  Feet 
per  Second. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged  per 
twenty-four 
Hours. 

Head  in  Feet 
required  to  pro- 
duce Velocity. 

Velocity  in 
Pipe  in  Feet 
. per  Second. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
• discharged  per 
twenty-fr  ur 
Hours. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

Feet. 

Pounds 

•°5 

5° 

.004 

.002 

72,000 

.09 

2-45 

2.4OO 

I.362 

•590 

3,456,000 

. IO 

100 

.008 

.003 

144,000 

. IO 

2.50 

2,45° 

I.416 

•613 

3,528,000 

•15 

150 

.014 

.006 

216,000 

.IO 

2-55 

2,500 

1.472 

.638 

3,600,000 

o 

.20 

200 

.020 

.009 

288,000 

.11 

2.60 

2,55° 

I.529 

.662 

3,672,000 

•25 

250 

.027 

.012 

360,000 

.11 

2.65 

2,600 

I.586 

.687 

3,744  OOO 

•31 

300 

•036 

.Ol6 

432,000 

.11 

2.71 

2,650 

I.645 

•713 

3,816,000 

•36 

35° 

.046 

.020 

504,000 

.12 

2.76 

2,700 

1-705 

•739 

3,888,000 

.41 

400 

.056 

.024 

576,000 

. 12 

2.81 

2,750 

I.766 

•765 

3,960,000 

.46 

45° 

.068 

.029 

648,000 

•J3 

2.86 

2,800 

1.828 

.792 

4,032,000 

•51 

500 

.081 

•035 

720,000 

•13 

2.91 

2,850 

I.89I 

.819 

4, 104,000 

C/) 

•56 

55° 

•095 

.O4I 

792,000 

.14 

2.96 

2,900 

1 *955 

•847 

4,176,000 

.6l 

600 

.IIO 

.048 

86  a,  000 

.14 

3.01 

2,950 

2.021 

-875 

4, 248, 000 

.66 

650 

.126 

.055 

936,000 

•15 

3.06 

3,000 

2.087 

.904 

4.320,000 

•7i 

700 

•143 

.062 

1,008,000 

•15 

3- 11 

3.050 

2.154 

•933 

4,392,000 

•77 

75o 

.l6l 

.070 

1,080,000 

.16 

3-16 

3, 100 

2.223 

•963 

4,464,000 

•Ol 

.82 

800 

.180 

.078 

1,152,000 

.16 

3-21 

3>i5° 

2.293 

•993 

4,536,000 

.OI 

.87 

850 

.201 

.087 

1,224,000 

•17 

3.26 

3,200 

2.363 

1.024 

4.608,000 

.OI 

.92 

900 

.222 

.096 

1,296,000 

•17 

3-3i 

3.250 

2-435 

1-055 

4,680,000 

.02 

•97 

95° 

•245 

.106 

1,368,000 

.18 

3-37 

3.3oo 

2.508 

1 .086 

4,752,000 

.02 

I.Q2 

1,000 

.368 

.Il6 

1,440,000 

.18 

3-42 

3.35o 

2.581 

1.118 

4,824,000 

.02 

1.07 

1,050 

•293 

.127 

1,512,000 

.19 

3-47 

3.400 

2.656 

1 . 1 50 

4,896,000 

.02 

1. 11 

1,100 

.318 

.138 

1,584.000 

.19 

3-52 

3.45o 

2.732 

1.183 

4,968,000 

.02 

1. 17 

1,150 

•345 

.149 

1,656,000 

.20 

3-57 

3.5oo 

2.809 

1. 217 

5,040,000 

.02 

1.22 

1,200 

•373 

. 162 

1,728,000 

.20 

3.62 

3.55o 

2.887 

1.251 

5,112,000 

•°3 

1.27 

1,250 

.402 

.174 

1,800,000 

.21 

3-67 

3,600 

2.967 

1.285 

5,184,000 

•°3 

*•33 

1,300 

-.432 

.187 

1,872,000 

.22 

3-72 

3.65° 

3-°47 

1.320 

5,256,000 

•°3 

1.38 

I>35° 

•463 

.200 

1,944.000 

.22 

3-77 

3,7oo 

3-128 

1-357 

5,328,000 

•03 

i-43 

1,400 

•495 

.214 

2,016,000 

•23 

3.82 

3,75o 

3-21 1 

1. 39i 

5,400,000 

.03 

1.48 

i,45o 

.528 

.229 

2,088,000 

•23 

3-87 

3,800 

3*294 

1.427 

5,472  000 

..04 

T-53 

1,500 

1 .562 

•243 

2, 160  000 

.24 

3-93 

3,850 

3-378 

1.463 

5,544,000 

.04 

1.58 

I,55° 

•598 

•259 

2,232,000 

•25 

3-98 

3,9oo 

3-464 

1. 501 

5,616,000 

.04 

1.63 

1,600 

• 634 

•275 

2,304,000 

•25 

4-03 

3,95o 

3-551 

i.538 

5,688,000 

.04 

1.68 

1,650 

.672 

.291 

2,376,000 

.26 

4.08 

4,000 

3-638 

i-576 

5,760,000 

.05 

.i-74 

1,700 

.710 

•308 

2,448,000 

.27 

4-i3 

4,050 

3-727 

1.614 

5,832,000 

•°5 

1.79 

1,75° 

•75° 

•325 

2,520,000 

.27 

4.18 

4,100 

3-8i7 

i-653 

5,904,000 

.05 

1.84 

1,800 

•790 

•342 

2.592,000 

.28 

4-23 

4, 15° 

3.908 

1.693 

5,976,000 

.06 

1.89 

1,850 

• 832 

.360 

2,664,000 

.28 

4.28 

4,200 

4.000 

i-733 

6,048,000 

.06 

1.94 

1,900 

•875 

•379 

2,736,000 

•29 

4-34 

4,250 

4-°93 

i-773 

6, 120,000 

.06 

1.99 

i.95o 

.919 

•398 

2 808,000 

•30 

4-39 

4,300 

4.187 

1.814 

6,192,000 

.06 

2.04 

2,000 

.964 

.417 

2,880,000 

•3i 

4.44 

4,35o 

4.283 

1.855 

6,264,000 

.07 

2.09 

2,050 

1. 010 

•437 

2,952,000 

•3i 

4.49 

4,400 

4-379 

1.893 

6,336,000 

.07 

2.14 

2,100 

i-o57 

•458 

3,024.000 

•32 

4-54 

4,45o 

4.476 

1-939 

6,408,000 

•°7 

2. 19 

2,150 

1. 105 

•479 

3,096,000 

•33 

4-59 

4,5op 

4-575 

1.982 

6,480,000 

.08 

2.25 

2,200 

i-i54 

.500 

3, 168,000 

•34 

4-65 

4,550 

4.674 

2.025 

6,552,000 

.08 

2.30 

2,250 

1.204 

.522 

3,240,000 

•34 

4.70 

4,600 

4-775 

2.068 

6,624, 000 

.09 

2-35 

2,300 

1.256 

•544 

3,312,000 

•35 

4-75 

4,650 

• 4.876 

2.1 12 

6,696,000 

.09 

2.40 

2,350' 

1.308 

.566 

3.384,000 

■36 

4.80 

4,7oo 

4-979 

2-157 

6,768,000 

46  The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 

%. 

20-Inch  Pipe  - Concluded. 


Head  in  Feet 
required  to  pro- 
duce Velocity. 

Velocity  in 
Pipe  in  Feet 
per  Second. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged  per 
twenty-four 
Hours. 

Head  in  Feet 
required  to  pro- 
duce Velocity. 

Velocity  in 
Pipe  in  Feet 
per  Second. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged  per 
twenty-four 
Hours. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

•37 

4-85 

4,75° 

5-083 

2.201 

6,840,000 

.6l 

6.28 

6,150 

8.423 

3-649 

8,856,000 

•3« 

4.91 

4,800 

5.188 

2.247 

6,912,000 

.62 

6-33 

6,200 

8.558 

3-7  07 

8,928,000 

•38 

4.96 

4,850 

5-294 

2.293 

6,984,000 

.63 

6.38 

6,250 

8.694 

3.766 

9,000,000 

•39 

5.01 

4,900 

5.401 

2-339 

7,056.000 

.64 

6-44 

6,300 

8.831 

3-825 

9,072,000 

.40 

5.06 

4,95° 

5-509 

2.386 

7,128,000 

.65 

6-49 

6,35° 

8.969 

3.885 

9,144,000 

.41 

5-II 

5,000 

5.618 

2.434 

7,200,000 

.66 

6-54 

6,400 

9.108 

3-945 

9,216,000 

.41 

5.16 

5,050 

5.728 

2.481 

7,272,000 

.68 

6-59 

6,45° 

9.248 

4.006 

9,288,000 

.42 

5-2i 

5,100 

5-839 

2.529 

7,344,ooo 

•69 

6.64 

6,500 

9-390 

4.068 

9,360,000 

•43 

5.26 

5450 

5-952 

2.578 

7,416,000 

.70 

6.69 

6,550 

9-532 

4.130 

9,432,000 

•44 

5-3i 

5,200 

6.065 

2.627 

7,488,000 

.71 

6-74 

6,600 

9-675 

4.191 

9,504,000 

•45 

5-36 

5,250 

6.180 

2.677 

7,560,000 

.72 

6.79 

6,650 

9.820 

4-254 

9,576,000 

.46 

5-4i 

5,3oo 

6.295 

2.727 

7,632,000 

•73 

6.85 

6,700 

9-965 

4-317 

9,648,000 

.46 

5-46 

5,350 

6.412 

2.777 

7,704,000 

-74 

6.90 

6,750 

10. 1 12 

4.380 

9,720,000 

•47 

5-52 

5,400 

6.530 

2.828 

7,776,000 

•75 

6-95 

6,800 

10.259 

4.444 

9,792,000 

.48 

5-57 

5,450 

6.648 

2.880 

7,848,000 

-76 

7.00 

6,850 

10.408 

4- 5°9 

9,864,000 

•49 

5.62 

5,5oo 

6.768 

2.932 

7,920,000 

•77 

7-05 

6,900 

10.558 

4-574 

9,936,000 

•50 

5-67 

5,550 

6.889 

2.984 

7,992,000 

-78 

7.10 

6,95° 

10.709 

4.639 

10,008,000 

•5i 

5-72 

5,600 

7. on 

3-037 

8,064,000 

-79 

7-15 

7,000 

10.861 

4-705 

10,080,000 

•52 

5-77 

5,650 

7-134 

3.090 

7,136,000 

.81 

7.20 

7,050 

11. 014 

4-77i 

10,152,000 

•53 

5.82 

5,7oo 

7.258 

3-144 

8,208,000 

, .82 

7.25 

7,100 

1 1. 168 

4.838 

10,224,000 

•54 

5-88 

5,750 

7-383 

3.198 

8,280,000 

.83 

7-30 

7,i5o 

n.323 

4-905 

10,296,000 

•55 

5-93 

5,800 

7-5io 

3-253 

8,352,000 

.84 

7-35 

7,200 

11.479 

4.972 

10,368,000 

•56 

5-98 

5,850 

7-637 

3-3o8 

8,424,000 

.85 

7.40 

7,250 

11.637 

5.041 

10,440,000 

•57 

6.03 

5,9oo 

7-765 

3-364 

8,496,000 

.86 

7.46 

7,3oo 

n-795 

5-io9 

10,512,000 

•57 

6.08 

5,950 

7.895 

3.420 

8,568,000 

.88 

7.5i 

7,35° 

n-954 

5-I78 

10,584,000 

.58 

6.13 

6,000 

8.025 

3-476 

8,640,000 

.89 

7.56 

7,4oo 

12.115 

- 5.248 

10,656,000 

•59 

6.18 

6,050 

8.157 

3-533 

8,712,000 

.90 

7.61 

7,45° 

12.276 

5.318 

10,728,000 

.60 

6.23 

6, 100 

8.290 

3-591 

8,784,000 

.91 

7-66J 

7,5oo 

12.439 

5.388 

10,800,000 

24-Inch  Pipe— 1,000  Feet  Long. 


-031 

.07 

5o 

100 

^002 
Too  5 

.001 

.002 

72,000 

144.000 

216.000 

3 0 

.60 

.64 

850 

900 

.089 

.098 

•039 

.042 

1.224.000 

1.296.000 

.IO 

150 

.007 

.003 

■StS 

.67 

95° 

.108 

.047 

1,368,000 

-14 

200 

.010 

.004 

288,000 

r 1-4 
Ji  /"S 

-71 

1,000 

.118 

.051 

1 ,440,000 

1 

-17 

250 

.014 

.006 

360,000 

<u  °. 
0 

-74 

1,050 

.128 

•055 

1.512.000 

1.584.000 

.21 

3°° 

.018 

.008 

432,000 

.78 

1,100 

•139 

.060 

q 

-24 

350 

.022 

.010 

504,000 

.01 

.81 

1,150 

.150 

-065 

1,6565000 

0 

.28 

400 

.027 

.012 

576,000 

.01 

-85 

1,200 

.162 

.070 

1,728,000 

3 

.31 

45° 

.032 

.014 

648,000 

or 

.88 

1,250 

.174 

-075' 

1.800.000 

1.872.000 

-35 

500 

.038 

.016 

720,000 

.01 

-92 

i,3°o 

.186 

.081 

tn 

•39 

550 

.044 

.019 

792.000 

864.000 

.01 

-95 

i,35o 

.199 

.086 

1,944,000 

(/> 

V 

-43 

600 

.050 

.022 

.02 

-99 

1,400 

.212 

.092 

2,016,000 

►4 

.46 

650 

•057 

.025 

936,000 

•02 

1.02 

i,45o 

.226 

.098 

2,088,000 

.50 

700 

.064 

.028 

1,008,000 

.02 

1.06 

1,500 

.241 

.104 

2,160,000 

-53 

750 

.072 

.031 

1,080,000 

.02 

1.09 

i,55o 

•255 

.110 

2,232,000 

•57 

8oo|  .080 

•035 

1,152,000 

.02 

1. 1 3 

1,600 

.270 

•i  17 

2,304,000 

Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


47 


24-Inch  Pipe— Continued. 


Head  in  Feet 
required  to  pro 
duce  Velocity. 

Velocity  in 
Pipe  in  Feet 
\ per  Second. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged  pe 
twenty-four 
Hours. 

Head  in  Feet 
required  to  pro 
duce  Velocity, 

i Velocity  in 

Pipe  in  Feet 
per  Second. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged  pei 
twenty-four 
Hours. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

.02 

1.J.6 

1,650 

..286 

.124 

2,376,000 

•13 

2.84 

4,000 

1 1-500 

' .65c 

» 5,760,000 

.02 

I.2Q 

1,700 

•302 

•131 

2,448,000 

•13 

2.87 

4,050 

1.536 

.665 

5,832,000 

.02 

I.24 

1,750 

.318 

.138 

2,520,000 

.13 

2.91 

4, 100 

1-573 

.681 

5,904,000 

.03 

1.28 

1,800 

•335 

•145 

2,592,000 

•!3 

2-94 

4,150 

I.6lO 

.697 

5,976,000 

•03 

I.3I 

1,850 

•352 

.152 

2,664,000 

.14 

2.98 

4,200 

I.648 

.714 

6,048,000 

•03 

1*35 

1,900 

•37o 

.160 

2,736,000 

.14 

3.01 

4,250 

1.686 

•73° 

1 6, 1 20,000 

.03 

1.38 

1,950 

.388 

.168 

2,808,000 

•14 

3.05 

4,300 

1.724 

•747 

6,192,000 

.03 

I.42 

2,000 

.406 

.176 

2,880,000 

•!5 

3.08 

4,350 

1.763 

.764 

6,264,000 

.03 

1-45 

2,050 

•425 

.184 

2,952,000 

•!5 

3.12 

4,400 

1.802 

.781 

6,336,000 

•03 

1.49 

2,100 

•445 

•193 

3,024,000 

•15 

3-15 

4,450 

1.841 

.798 

6,408,000 

.04 

1.52 

2,150 

.465 

.201 

3,096,000 

.16 

3.19 

4 5oo 

1.881 

.815 

6,480,000 

.04 

1.56 

2,200 

.485 

.210 

3,1 68,000 

.16 

3.23 

4 550 

1.922 

.833 

6,552,000 

.04 

i-59 

2,250 

.506 

.219 

3,240,000 

•!7 

3.27 

4,600 

1.963 

.850 

6,624,000 

•04 

r.63 

2,300 

.527 

.228 

3,312,000 

• 17 

3-30 

4,650 

2.004 

.868 

6,696,000 

.04 

1.67 

2,35° 

•548 

•2  37 

3,384,000 

.17 

3-34 

4,700 

2.046 

.887 

6,768,000 

•05 

1.70 

2,400 

•570 

•247 

3,456,000 

.18 

3-37 

4,750 

2.088 

.905 

6,840,000 

•05 

1.73 

2,45° 

•593 

.257 

3,528,000 

.18 

3.4i 

4,800 

2.131 

•923 

6,912,000 

•05 

1.77 

2,500 

.615 

.267 

3,600,000 

.18 

3-44 

4,850 

2.174 

.942 

6,984,000 

•05 

I.80 

2,550 

•639 

.278 

3,672,000 

.19 

3-48 

4,900 

2.217 

.960 

7,056,000 

•05 

1.83 

2,600 

j .662 

.287 

3,744,000 

.19 

3-5i 

4,95° 

2.261 

•979 

7,128,000 

.05 

1.87 

2,650 

.687 

.298 

3,816,000 

.20 

3-55 

5,ooo 

2.305 

•999 

7,200,000 

.06 

1. 91 

2,700 

.711 

.308 

3,888,000 

.20 

3.58 

5,050 

2.350 

1. 018 

7,272,000 

.06 

1.94 

2,750 

.736 

.319 

3,960,000 

.21 

3.62 

5,100 

2-395 

1.038 

7,344,000 

.06 

1.98 

2,800 

.761 

•330 

4,032,000 

.21 

3-65 

5r5° 

2.441 

1.057 

7,416,000 

.06 

2.02 

2,850 

- .787 

.341 

4,104,000 

.21 

3-69 

5,200 

2.487 

1.077 

7,488,000 

.07 

2.05 

2,900 

.814 

•353 

4,176,000 

.22 

3-72 

5,250 

2-533 

1.097 

7,560,000 

.07 

2.09 

2,95° 

.840 

• 364 

4,248,000 

.22 

3.76 

5,3oo 

2.580 

1.118 

7,632,000 

.07 

2.13 

3,ooo 

.867 

• 376 

4,320,000 

.22 

3-79 

5,35o 

2.628 

1.138 

7,704^000 

.07 

2.16 

3,050 

.895 

.388 

4,392,000 

•23 

3.83 

5,400 

2.675 

I-I59 

7,776,000 

.08 

2.20 

3,IO° 

.923 

.400 

4,464,000 

•23 

3-86 

5,45o 

2.724 

1. 180 

7,848,000 

.08 

2.23 

3,150 

•95i 

.412 

4,536,000 

.24 

3.90 

5,5oo 

2.772 

1. 201 

7, 920,000 

• .08 

2.27 

3,200 

.980 

.424 

4,608,000 

.24 

3-93 

5 55° 

2.821 

1.222 

7,992,000 

.08 

2.3O 

3,250 

1.009 

•437 

4,680,000 

•25 

3-97 

5,6oo 

2.871. 

1.244 

8,064,000 

.09 

2-34 

3,3oo 

1.039 

•45° 

4,752,000 

.25 

4.00 

5,650 

2.921 

1.265 

8,136,000 

.09 

2-37 

3,35o 

1.069 

.463 

4,824,000 

•25 

4.04 

5,7oo 

2.971 

1.287 

8,208,000 

.09 

2.4I 

3,4oo 

1. 100 

'.476 

4,896,000 

.26 

4.08 

5,75o 

3.022 

1.309 

8,280,000 

.09 

2.44 

3,45o 

.1.131 

• 490 

• 4,968,000 

.26 

4.12 

5,800 

3.073 

I-33I 

8,352,000 

.10 

2.48 

3,5oo 

1. 162 

•503 

5,040,000 

.27 

4.15 

5,850 

3.125 

1-354 

8,424,000 

.10 

2.51 

3,55o 

1. 194 

•5i7 

5,112,000 

•27 

4.19 

5,9oo 

3-177 

1-376 

8,496,000 

.10 

2-55 

3,600 

1.227 

•53i 

5,184,000 

.28 

4.22 

5,950 

3.229 

1-399 

8,568,000 

.10 

2.58, 

3,650 

1.259 

•545 

5,256,000 

.28 

4.26 

6,000 

3.282 

1.421 

8,640,000 

.11 

2.62 

3,7oo 

1.292 

.560 

5,328,000 

.29 

4.29 

6,050 

3.336 

1.444 

8,712,000 

.11 

2.65 

3,750 

1.326 

•575 

5,400,000 

.29 

4-33 

6,100 

3.389 

1.467 

8,784,000 

.11 

2.69 

3.800 

1.360 

•589 

5,472,ooo 

•30 

4-36 

6,150 

3-444 

1,492 

8,856,000 

.12 

2.72 

3,850 

1-394 

.604 

5,544,000 

•30 

4.40 

6,200 

3.468 

1. 5i5 

8,928,000 

.12 

2.76 

3,9oo 

1.429 

.619 

5,616,000 

•3i 

4-43 

6,250 

3-553 

i-539 

9,000,000 

.12 

2.80 

3,95o 

1.465 

•635 

5,688,000 

•3i 

4-47 

6,300 

3.609 

1.563 

9,072,000 

The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


4$ 


24-Inch  Pipe— Concluded. 


z 2 >> 

t/i 

t s 

tfi  <L> 

« a.* 

c ii-o 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

U 0,2 

.£  JJT3 

GT3  V 
0 flj  tj 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

go.- 

l**  O o 

•3.5  « 

s3ff| 

s-o*2  « 
O Soibg 

2 J 

O 

•3  e a> 

°J3S 

O 

. h r-  ° 

0 C/3 

— 4) 

i)  a. 

W 5»  1. 

1-3  8 

v ah 

»SI, 

wjs  5e 

>ss. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

E.s  ~ 

-a 

J 0*3 

ti’S, 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

•32 

4-50 

6,35o 

3.665 

I.588 

9,144,000 

-50 

5.67 

8,000 

5.752 

2.492 

11,520,000 

•32 

4-54 

6,400 

3-72i 

I.6l2 

9,216,000 

-51 

5.70 

8,050 

5.823 

2.523 

11,592,000 

•33 

4-57 

6,450 

3.778 

I.636 

9,288,000 

9,360,000 

•51 

5-74 

8,100 

5.894 

2-554 

1 1,664,000 

•33 

4.61 

6,500 

3.835 

1. 66l 

•52 

5-77 

8,150 

5.965 

2.584 

11,736,000 

•34 

4.64 

6,550 

3-893 

1.686 

9,432,000 

•53 

5-8i 

8,200 

6.037 

2.615 

1 1,808,000 

•34 

4.68 

6,600 

6,650 

3-95i 

1. 712 

9,504,000 

•53 

5-84 

8,250 

6.IO9 

2.646 

11,880,000 

•35 

4.71 

4.010 

i-737 

9,576,000 

-54 

5-88 

8,300 

6.182 

2.678 

11,952,000 

•35 

4-75 

6,700 

4.068 

1.762 

9,648,000 

•54 

5-91 

8,350 

6.255 

2.7II 

12.024.000 

12.096.000 

•36 

4.78 

6,750 

4.128 

1.786 

9,720,000 

•55 

5-95 

8,400 

6.329 

2.745 

.36 

4.82 

6,800 

6,850 

4.188 

1.813 

9.792.000 

9.864.000 

-56 

5.98 

8,45° 

6.403 

2-774 

12,168,000 

•37 

4.85 

4.248 

1.840 

-56 

6.02 

8,500 

6.477 

2.806 

12,240,000 

•37 

4.89 

6,900 

4- 3°9 

1.867 

9,936,000 

-57 

6.06 

8,550 

6.552 

2.839 

12.312.000 

12.384.000 

.38 

4.92 

6,950 

4-370 

1.893 

10,008,000 

-58 

6.10 

8,600 

8,650 

6.627 

2.872 

.38 

4.96 

7,000 

4-431 

i-9i9 

10,080,000 

-58 

6.13 

6.703 

2.905 

12,456,000 

•39 

4-99 

7,050 

4-493 

1.946 

10,152,000 

-59 

6.17 

8,700 

6.779 

2.938 

12,528,000 

•39 

5-03 

7,100 

4-556 

. 1-974 

10,224,000 

.60 

6.20 

8,750 

6.856 

2.971 

1 2.600.000 

12.672.000 

.40 

5.06 

7,i5o 

4.618 

2.000 

10,296,000 

.61 

6.24 

8,800 

8,850 

6.933 

3.004 

.40 

5.10 

7,200 

4.682 

2.028 

10,368,000 

.61 

6.27 

7.010 

3-037 

12,744,000 

.41 

5-i3 

7,250 

4-745 

2.056 

10,440,000 

.62 

6.31 

8,900 

7.088 

3.070 

12,816,000 

•42 

5.i7 

7,3oo 

4.809 

2.084 

10.512.000 

10.584.000 

.63 

6-34 

8,950 

7.166 

3-io3 

12.888.000 

12.960.000 

42 

5.20 

7,350 

4.874 

2.112 

.63 

6.38 

9,000 

7.245 

3-I37 

•43 

5-24 

7,400 

4-939 

2.140 

10,656,000 

.64 

6.41 

9,050 

7.324 

3-I7I 

43,03 2, OOO 

•43 

5-27 

7,450 

5.004 

2.168 

10,728,000 

-65 

6.45 

9,100 

7.404 

3.206 

13,104,000 

13,176,000 

13,248,000 

•44 

5-3i 

7,5oo 

5.070 

2.197 

10,800,000 

10,872,000 

.66 

6.49 

8,150 

7.484 

3-241 

•44 

5-34 

7,550 

5-I36 

2.225 

.66 

6-53 

9,200 

7.564 

3.276 

•45 

5-38 

7,600 

7,650 

5-203 

2.254 

10,944,000 

.67 

6.56 

9,250 

7.645 

3-3II 

13,320,000 

.46 

5-42 

5.270 

2.282 

II,0l6,000 

.68 

6.60 

9,300 

7.727 

3.346 

13,392,000 

13,464,000 

.46 

5-46 

7,7oo 

5-338 

2.311 

1 1 ,088,000 

.68 

6.63 

9,35o 

7.808 

3-382 

•47 

5-49 

7,750 

5.406 

2.341 

11,160,000 

.69 

6.67 

9,400 

7.890 

3.418 

13,536,000 

.48 

5-53 

7,800 

5-474 

2.371 

11,232,000 

.70 

6.70 

9,45o 

7-973 

3-454 

13,608,000 

.48 

5-56 

7,850 

5-543 

2.401 

1 1.304.000 

11.376.000 

.71 

6.74 

9,5oo 

8.056 

3490 

13,680,000 

•49 

5.60 

7,900 

5.612 

2.431 

-71 

6.77 

9,55o 

.8.140 

3-526 

13,752,000 

13,824,000 

-49 

5-63 

7,95o 

5.682 

2.461 

1 1,448,000 

.72 

6.81 

9,600 

8.223 

3.562 

30-Inch  Pipe— 1,000  Feet  Long. 


•04I 

100 

.002 

.001 

144,000 

•54 

1,200 

.060 

.026 

1,728,000 

O 

.o9j 

200 

.005 

.002 

288,000 

ctf  0 

•59 

1,300 

.069 

.030 

1,872,600 

£ 

.14 

300 

.008 

.003 

432,000 

££ 

•63 

1,400 

.078 

.034 

2,016,000 

.18 

400 

.011 

.005 

576,000 

cn  K 

.68 

1,500 

.088 

.038 

2,160,000 

O 

O 

•23 

500 

.015 

.006 

720,000 
• 864,000 

<U  O 
1-]  6 

•73 

1,600 

.098 

.042 

2.304.000 

2.448.000 

•27 

600 

.020 

.009 

•77 

1,700 

.109 

.047 

5 

•32 

700 

.025 

.Oil 

1,008,000 

.01 

.82 

1,800 

.120 

.052 

2.592.000 

2.736.000 

.36 

800 

.031 

.013 

1.152.000 

1.296.000 

.01 

.86 

1,900 

.132 

•057 

in 

in 

.41 

900 

.038 

.016 

.01 

.91 

2,000 

•145 

.063 

2,880,000 

<D 

J 

•45 

1,000 

.044 

.019 

1 .440.000 

1.584.000 

.01 

•95 

2,100 

.158 

.068 

3,024,000 

-5° 

1,100 

.052 

.023 

.02 

1. 00 

2,200 

.172 

.074 

3,168,000 

Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


49 


30-Inch  Pipe— Continued. 


Head  in  Feet 
requiied  to  pro- 
duce Velocity. 

Velocity  in 
Pipe  in  Feet 
per  Second. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HF.AD. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged  per 
twenty-four 
Hours. 

Head  in  Feet  j 
required  to  pro- 
duce Velocity. 

Velocity  in 
Pipe  in  Feet 
per  Second. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

1 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged  per 
twenty-four 
Hours. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

.02 

I.04 

2,300 

.i$6 

.081 

3,313,000 

.16 

3.18 

7,000 

I.492 

.646 

10,080,000 

.02 

I.09 

2,400 

.201 

.087 

3,456,000 

.16 

3-22 

7,100 

1-534 

.664 

10,224,000 

.02 

I*  13 

2,500 

.216 

.094 

3,600,000 

•i  7 

3.27 

7,200 

1-575 

.682 

10,368,000 

.02 

1. 18 

2,600 

.232 

.loo 

3,744,000 

•i  7 

3.31 

7,300 

1. 618 

.701 

10,512,000 

.02 

1.22 

2,700 

.249 

.108 

3,888,000 

.18 

3.36 

7,400 

1. 661 

.719 

10,656,000 

•03 

1.27 

2,800 

.266 

.115 

4,032,000 

.18 

3.40 

7,500 

1.704 

.738 

10,800,000 

•03 

I-32 

2,900 

.283 

•123 

4,176,000 

.19 

3-45 

7,600 

J-749 

.758 

10,944,000 

•03 

I.36 

3,ooo 

.302 

•131 

4,320,000 

.19 

3.49 

7,700 

1 * 7 93 

•777 

1 1,088,000 

.03 

1. 41 

3,IO° 

.320 

.139 

4,464.000 

•19 

3-53 

7,800 

i.S39 

•797 

1 1,232,000 

.03 

i-45 

3,200 

.340 

.147 

4,608  000 

.20 

3.58 

7,900 

1.884 

.816 

1 1 ,376,000 

.04 

1.50 

3,300 

.360 

.156 

4,752.000 

.21 

3.63 

8,000 

I-93I 

.836 

11,520,000 

.04 

i-54 

3,400 

.380 

.165 

4,896,000 

.21 

3.67 

8,100 

1.978 

.857 

1 1,664,000 

.04 

i-59 

3,5oo 

.401 

.174 

5,040,000 

.22 

3.72 

8,200 

2.025 

•8  77 

II,8o8,000 

.04 

1.63 

3,600 

423 

.184 

5, 184,000 

.22 

3.76 

8,300 

2.073 

.898 

11,952,000 

.04 

1.68 

3,7oo 

•445j 

.193 

5,328,000 

•23 

3.8l 

8,400 

2.122 

.919 

12,096,000 

.05 

1.72 

3,800 

.468 

.203 

5,472,000 

•23 

3.86 

8,500 

2.171 

.941 

I 2,  240,000 

.05 

1 -77 

3,900 

.491 

.213 

5,616,000 

.24 

3.90 

8,600 

2.221 

.962 

12,384,000 

•05 

1.82 

4,000 

.515 

.223 

5,760,000 

• 24 

3-95 

8,700 

2.271 

•984 

12,528.000 

.05 

1.86 

4,100 

•539 

•234 

5,904,000 

•25 

3-99 

8,800 

2.322 

1.006 

12,672,000 

.06 

1. 91 

4,200 

.564 

.244 

6,048,000 

•25 

4.03 

8,900 

2-374 

1.028 

12,816,000 

.06 

i-95 

4,300 

.590 

•255 

6, 192,000 

.26 

4.08 

9,000 

2.426 

1 051 

12,960,000 

.06 

2.00 

4,400 

‘ .616 

.266 

6,336,000 

,26 

4.12 

9,100 

2.478 

I*073 

13,104,000 

.06 

2.04 

4,500 

.642 

.278 

6,480,000 

*27 

4.17 

9,200 

2.531 

1.096 

13,248,000 

.07 

2.09 

4,600 

.670 

.290 

6,624,000 

.28 

4-21 

9,300 

2.585 

1. 120 

13,392,000 

.07 

2.13 

4,7oo 

.69  7 

.302 

6,768,000 

.28 

4.26 

9,400 

2.639 

1. 143 

13,536,000 

.07 

2.17 

4,800 

.726 

.314 

6,912,000 

.29 

4-3° 

9,5oo 

2.694 

1.167 

I3,68o,OO0 

.08 

2.22 

4,900 

•755 

.327 

7,056,000 

.29 

4-35 

9,600 

2.750 

1.191 

13,824,000 

.08 

2.27 

5,000 

.784 

.340 

7,200,000 

.30 

4.4O 

9,7oo 

2.806 

1.216 

13,968,000 

.08 

2.31 

5,  IO° 

.814 

.353 

7, 344,  ooo 

•31 

4-44 

9,800 

2.862 

1.240 

14,1  12,000 

.09 

2.36 

5,200 

.845 

.366 

7,488,000 

•3i 

4-49 

9,900 

2.919 

1.264 

14,256,000 

.09 

2.40 

5,300 

.876 

•379 

7,632,000 

•32 

4-54 

10,000 

2-977 

1.289 

14,400,000 

.09 

2-45 

5,400 

.908 

•393 

7,776,000 

•33 

4.58 

10,100 

3.035 

i-3H 

14,544,000 

.10 

2.50 

5,500 

.940 

.407 

7,920,000 

•33 

4.63 

10,200 

3.094 

1.340 

14,688,000 

.10 

2-54 

5,600 

•9  73 

.421 

8,064,000 

•34 

4.67 

10,300 

3-153 

1.366 

14,832,000 

.10 

2-59 

5,700 

1.006 

.436 

8,208,000 

•35 

4.72 

10,400 

3.213 

1.392 

14,976,000 

.11 

2.63 

5,800 

1.040 

.451 

8,352,000 

•35 

4-77 

10,500 

3-274 

1.418 

15,120,000 

.11 

2.67 

5,900 

1.075 

.466 

8,496,000 

.36 

4.82 

10,600 

3-335 

1-445 

15,264,000 

.12 

2.72 

6,000 

1. no 

.481 

8,640,000 

•37 

4.86 

10,700 

3-396 

1. 471 

15,408,000 

.12 

2.76 

6, 100 

1. 145 

.496 

8,784,000 

.38 

4.91 

10,800 

3-459 

1.498 

15,552,000 

.12 

2.81 

6,200 

1.182 

.512 

8,928,000 

.38 

4-95 

10,900 

3.521 

I-525 

1 5,696,000 

•13 

2.85 

6,300 

1. 219 

.528 

9,072,000 

•39 

5.00 

11,000 

3.585 

1-553 

15,840,000 

• -13 

2.90 

6,400 

1.256 

•544 

9,216,000 

.40 

5"°4 

1 1,100 

3.648 

1.580 

15,984,000 

.14 

2-95 

6, 500 

1.294 

.561 

9,360,000 

.40 

5-09 

1 1,200 

3.7I3 

1.608 

16,128,000 

.14 

2-99 

6,600 

1.332 

•577 

9,504,000 

.41 

5-13 

11,300 

3.778 

1.637 

16,272,000 

.14 

3-04 

6,700 

1.372 

•594 

9,648,000 

.42 

5.18 

11,400 

3-843 

1.665 

16,416,000 

.15 

3.08 

6,800 

1.411 

.61 1 

9,792,000 

.42 

5.22 

II,5°° 

3-909 

1.693 

16,560,000 

.15 

3-x3 

6,900 

I-451 

.629 

9,936,000 

•43 

5-27 

1 1 ,600 

3.976 

1.722 

16,704,000 

The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


5° 


30-Inch  Pipe— Concluded. 


»••- 
-2  o 

city  in 
n Feet 
econd. 

Gallons 

larged 

linute. 

FRICTION  HEAD, 

Gallons 
ged  per 
:y-four 
)urs. 

4J  O >. 

° ^0 
.St3  £ 

city  in 
'n  Feet 
econd. 

Gallons 

arged 

dinute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

C ftg 

==-cl  A 

rt  0 ■ 1- 
O M 

■s.s* 

O'"  C/5 

— V ^ 

C/5  % u 

c/5  «S  5W 

*S.§  «i 

0 to 
H V u 

to  S „ 

Sa 

ffi  fa 

JJ-T3 

.(3  v 
P ft 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

•o 

v 3 0 

s.  a « 

to"3  P. 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

P.3* 

•a 

•44 

5-3i 

11,700 

4.043 

I.75I 

16,848,000 

.58 

6.08 

13,400 

5-273 

2.284 

19,296,000 

-45 

5-36 

1 1,800 

4.1 1 1 

i.78r 

16,992,000 

.58 

6.13 

13,500 

5.350 

2.317 

19,440,000 

.45 

540 

11,900 

4.180 

1.811 

17,136,000 

•59 

6.17 

13,600 

5.428 

2-351 

19,584,000 

.46 

544 

12,000 

4.249 

1.841 

17,280,000 

.60 

6.22 

13,700 

5.507 

2.385 

19,728,000 

47 

548 

12,100 

4.3l8 

1.870 

17,424,000 

.61 

6.26 

13,800 

5.586 

'2.420 

19,872,000 

.48 

5-53 

12,200 

4.388 

1.900 

17,568,000 

.62 

6.31 

13,900 

5.665 

2-454 

20,016,000 

48 

5-57 

12,300 

4459 

1 -93 1 

17,712,000 

.63 

6.36 

14,000 

5.746 

2.489 

20, 1 60,000 

49 

5.62 

12,400 

4.530 

1.962 

17,856,000 

.64 

6.40 

14,100 

5.826 

2.524 

20,304,000 

•50 

5.66 

12,500 

4.602 

1.993 

18,000,000 

•65 

645 

14,200 

5.908 

2-559 

20,448,000 

•5i 

5-7i 

12,600 

4.674 

2.024 

18,144,000 

.66 

649 

14,300 

5.990 

2.595 

20,592,000 

51 

5-75 

12,700 

4747 

2.056 

18,288,000 

•6  7 

6.54 

14,400 

6.072 

2.630 

20,736,000 

•52 

5.80 

12,800 

4.820 

2.088 

18,432,000 

•67 

6.58 

14,500 

6.155 

2.666 

20,880,000 

•53 

5.85 

12,900 

4.894 

2.120 

18,576,000 

.68 

6.63 

14,600 

6.239 

2.702 

21,024,000 

•54 

5-90 

13,000 

4.969 

2.152 

18,720,900 

.69 

6.67 

14,700 

6.323 

2.739 

21,168,000 

•55 

5-94 

13,100 

5-044 

2.185 

18,864,000 

.70 

6.72 

14,800 

6.408 

2.776 

21,3  12,000 

-56 

5-99 

13,200 

5.120 

2.217 

19,008,000 

.71 

6.76 

14,900 

6.493 

2.813 

21,456,000 

•57 

6.04 

13,300 

5-196 

2.250 

19,152,000 

1 .72 

6.80 

15,000 

6-579 

2.850 

21,600,000 

36-Inch  Pipe— 1,000  Feet  Long. 


.032 

100 

.001 

.000 

144,000 

.01 

.882 

2,800 

•ii5 

•050 

4,032,000 

.063 

200 

.003 

.001 

288,000 

.01 

.913 

2,900 

.122 

•053 

4,176,000 

•095 

300 

.004 

.002 

432,000 

.01 

•945 

3,000 

.130 

.056 

4,320,000 

.126 

400 

.006 

.003 

576,000 

.02 

•9  77 

3.i°o 

.138 

.060 

4,464,000 

.158 

500 

.008 

.004 

720,000 

.02 

1.009 

3,200 

.146 

•063 

4,608,000 

.189 

600 

.010 

.004 

864,000 

.02 

1.040 

3.3°o 

■154 

.067 

4,752,ooo 

.221 

700 

.012 

,005 

1,008,000 

.02 

1.072 

3.4oo 

.163 

.071 

4,896,000 

.252 

800 

.015 

.006 

1,152,000 

.02 

1. 103 

3.5oo 

.171 

.074 

5,040,000 

.284 

900 

.018 

.008 

1,296,000 

.02 

1.135 

3.6oo 

. 180 

.078 

5,184,000 

£ 

•315 

1,000 

.021 

.009 

1,440,000 

.02 

1.167 

3.7oo 

.189 

.082 

5,328,000 

.346 

1,100 

.024 

.010 

1,584,000 

.02 

1.198 

3.8oo 

.199 

.086 

5,472,000 

O 

O 

.378 

1,200 

.028 

.012 

1,728,000 

.02 

1.234 

3.900 

.208 

.090 

5,616,000 

.409 

1,300 

.031 

.013 

1,872,000 

•03 

1.260 

4,000 

.218 

.094 

Pi 

ON 

O 

"O 

O 

O 

5 

6 

.440 

1,400 

•°35 

.015 

2,016,000 

•03 

1. 291 

4, 100 

.328 

.099 

5,904,000 

.472 

1,500 

.040 

.017 

2,160,000 

•03 

1-323 

4, 200 

.239 

. 104 

6,048,000 

m 

in 

•503 

1,600 

.044 

.019 

2,304,000 

.03 

1-355 

4,300 

.249 

.108 

6,192,000 

V 

•535 

1,700 

.049 

.021 

2,448,000 

•03 

1.386 

4,400 

.260 

•1 13 

6,336,000 

.566 

1,800 

.054 

.023 

2,592,000 

•03 

1.418 

4,5oo 

.271 

.117 

6,480,000 

.597 

1,900 

.059 

.026 

2,736,000 

.03 

i.449 

4,600 

.282 

.122 

6,624,000 

.630 

2,000 

.064 

.028 

2,880,000 

•03 

1.481 

4,700 

.294 

.127 

6,768,000 

.661 

2,100 

.070 

.030 

3,024,000 

.04 

1. 512 

4,800 

•305 

.132 

6,91  2,000 

•693 

2,200 

.075 

.032 

3,168,000 

.04 

1-544 

4,900 

•317 

.138 

7,056,000 

.724 

2,300 

.081 

•035 

3,312,000 

.04 

1-576 

5,000 

•329 

•143 

7,200,000 

•756 

2,400 

.088 

.038 

3,456,000 

.04 

1.608 

5,100 

•342 

.149 

7,344,000 

•787 

2,500 

.094 

.041 

3,600,000 

.04 

1.63.9 

5,200 

•354 

.154 

7,488,000 

.Ol 

.819 

2,600 

.101 

.044 

3,744,000 

.04 

1.671 

5,300 

.367 

.160 

7,632,000 

.OI 

• 850 

2,700 

. 108 

.047 

3,888,000 

.05 

1.702 

5,400 

.380 

.165 

7,776,000 

Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


36-Inch  Pipe  — Continued. 


4-i  O ^ 

V ft.- 

in 

eet 

id. 

W 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

</)  V t 

— > V K, 

V ft— 

,pH  <u  c 

( A 

gTJ  <u 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

a ft£ 
O 3 

fc£o 

.5-0  « 

•-  c <u 

EE  bJO 

C/3  M 1. 

S.  Gall 
harged 
enty-fo 
Hours. 

2 0 

i^8 

•nc« 

S3  &)3 
rt  w a 

c ntiZ 

S.  Gall 
harged 
'enty-fo 
Hours. 

_ «> 
■a  u 

4) 

O'- C/3 
Js  <u 

as  ^ 

<u  a J; 

<0  2 0 
«?•§ 

Q. 

ft 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

£).2  5 

hh  cr  3 

^ £ T3 

^E  ft 

ft 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

E>.a  « 

T3 

.05 

1-734 

5,500 

•393 

.170 

7.920.000 

8.064.000 

.16 

3.21 

10,200 

I.272 

•55 

14,688,000 

.05 

1.765 

5,600 

.407 

.176 

.16 

3-24 

10,300 

I.296 

.56 

14.832.000 

14.976.000 

.05 

1.797 

5,7oo 

.421 

.182 

8,208,000 

•17 

3.28 

10,400 

1. 321 

•57 

.05 

1.828 

5,800 

•435 

.188 

8,352,000 

•17 

3-3i 

10,500 

1-345 

.58 

15.120.000 

15.264.000 

•05 

1.86 

5,9oo 

•449 

.194 

8,496,000 

•17 

3-34 

10,600 

1-370 

•59 

.06 

1.89 

6,000 

•463 

.201 

8,640,000 

.18 

3-37 

10,700 

1-395 

.60 

15,408,000 

.06 

1.92 

6,100 

.478 

.207 

8,784,000 

.18 

3-40 

10,800 

1.420 

.62 

1 5,552,000 

.06 

i-95 

6,200 

•493 

.214 

8,928,000 

.18 

3-43 

10,900 

1.446 

•63 

1 5,696,000 

.06 

1.98 

6,300 

.508 

.220 

9,072,000 

.19 

3-46 

11,000 

1.472 

.64 

15,840,000 

.06 

2.02 

6,400 

•523 

.227 

9,216,000 

9^360,000 

.19 

3-5° 

1 1,100 

1.498 

•65 

15,984,000 

.07 

2.05 

6, 500 

•538 

•233 

•19 

3-53 

1 1,200 

1.524 

.66 

16,128,000 

.07 

2.08 

6,600 

• 554 

.240 

9.504.000 

9.648.000 

.20 

3-56 

11,300 

i-55o 

.67 

16.272.000 

16.416.000 

.07 

2.11 

6, 700 

•57o 

.247 

.20 

3.60 

11,400 

1-577 

.68 

.07 

2.14 

6,800 

• 586 

.254 

9.792.000 

9.936.000 

.20 

3-63 

1 1 ,5°° 

1.604 

.69 

16,560,000 

.07 

2.17 

6,900 

.603 

.261 

.21 

3.66 

11,600 

1.631 

•7i 

16.704.000 

16.848.000 

.08 

2.21 

7,000 

.619 

.269 

10,080,000 

.21 

3-69 

11,700 

1.658 

.72 

.08 

2.24 

7,100 

.636 

•276 

10.224.000 

10.368.000 

.22 

3- 72 

11,800 

1.686 

•73 

16.992.000 

1 7. 136.000 

.08 

2.27 

7,200 

.653 

.283 

.22 

3-75 

1 1 ,900 

i-7i3 

•74 

.08 

2.30 

7,300 

.671 

.291 

10,512,000 

• 22 

3-78 

1 2,000 

1. 741 

•75 

17,280,000 

.09 

2-34 

7,400 

.688 

.298 

10,656,000 

•23 

3.81 

12,100 

1.769 

•77 

17.424.000 

17.568.000 

.09 

2.37 

7,5oo 

.706 

.306 

10,800,000 

•23 

3-84 

12,200 

1.798 

•78 

.09 

2.40 

7,600 

.724 

.313 

10,944,000 

•23 

3-87 

12,300 

1.827 

•79 

17.712.000 

17.856.000 

.09 

2-43 

7,700 

.742 

.321 

11,088,000 

.24 

3-9i 

12,400 

i-855 

.81 

.09 

2.46 

7,800 

.761 

.329 

11.232.000 

11.376.000 

•24 

3-94 

12,500 

1.885 

.82 

18,000,000 

.10 

2.49 

7,900 

.780 

•337 

•25 

3-97 

12,600 

1. 914 

•83 

18,144,000 

.10 

2.52 

8,000 

.798 

.346 

11.520.000 

11.664.000 

•25 

4.00 

12,700 

1-943 

.84 

18,288,000 

.10 

2-55 

8,100 

.818 

•354 

•25 

4-03 

1 2,800 

1-973 

.85 

18.432.000 

18.576.000 

.10 

2.58 

8,200 

.837 

•363 

11,808,000 

.26 

4.06 

12,900 

2.003 

•87 

.11 

2.61 

8,300 

•857 

•371 

11.952.000 

12.096.000 

.26 

4.09 

13,000 

2.033 

.88 

18.720.000 

18.864.000 

.11 

2.65 

8,400 

.877 

.380 

.27 

4.13 

13,100 

2.064 

.89 

.11 

2.68 

8,500 

.897 

.389 

12.240.000 

12.384.000 

.27 

4. 16 

13,200 

2.095 

.91 

19,008,000 

.11 

2.71 

8,600 

.917 

•397 

.27 

4.19 

13,30° 

2.  j 26 

.92 

19.152.000 

19.296.000 

.12 

2-74 

8,700 

•937 

.406 

12,528,000 

.28 

4-23 

13,400 

2.157 

•94 

.12 

2.77 

8,800 

•958 

.415 

12,672,000 

.28 

4.26 

13,500 

2.188 

•95 

19.440.000 

19.584.000 

.12 

2.80 

8,900 

•979 

.424 

12.816.000 

1 2.960.000 

.29 

4.29 

13,600 

2.220 

.96 

.13 

2.84 

9,000 

1 .000 

•433 

.29 

4-32 

13,700 

2.252 

•97 

19,728,000 

.13 

2.87 

9,100 

1.022 

•443 

I3,IP4,000 

13,248,000 

.29 

4-35 

13,800 

2.284 

•99 

19,872,000 

.13 

2.90  j 

9, 200 

1.043 

.452 

•3° 

4-38 

13,900 

2.316 

1. 00 

20,016,000 

•13 

2-93 

9,300 

1.065 

.461 

13.392.000 

13.536.000 

•3° 

4.41 

14,000 

2.348 

1.02 

20,160,000 

.14 

2-97 

9,400 

1.087 

.47i 

•3i 

4.44 

14,100 

2.381 

1.03 

20.304.000 

20.448.000 

.14 

3.00 

9,5oo 

1. no 

.481 

13.680.000 

13.824.000 

•31 

4-47 

14,200 

2.414 

1.04 

.14 

3.03 

9,600 

1.132 

.490 

•32 

4-5° 

14,300 

2-447 

1.06 

20.592.000 

20.736.000 

•15 

3.06 

9,7oo 

.500 

13,968,000 

•32 

4-54 

14,400 

2,481 

1.07 

.15 

3.09 

9,800 

1.178 

•5i 

14,112,000 

•32 

4-57 

14,500 

2-5x4 

1.09 

20,880,000 

.15 

3.12 

9,900 

1. 201 

•52 

14,256,000 

•33 

4.60 

14,600 

2.548 

1. 10 

21,024,000 

15 

3.15 

10,000 

1.225 

•53 

14,400,000 

•33 

4-63 

14,700 

14,800 

2.582 

1. 12 

21,178,000 

.16 

3.18 

10, 100 

1.248 

•54 

14,544,000 

•34 

4.66 

2.617 

I*I3 

21,312,000 

52 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


36-Inch  Pipe— Concluded. 


**  £ ^ 
v-  o o 

city  in 
n Feet 
econd. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

C Q, 

O P 

0 Si?! 

« 0 >. 

<u  }*  . 

<u  ft'5 
boo 

city  in 
in  Feet 
econd. 

U.  S.  Gallons 
discharged 
per  Minute. 

FRICTION  HEAD. 

s 

O 

■O 

S'3- 

W o-3 

o'-cn 

<D 

& 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

gw 

»!“ 

TJ  «> 

Ctf  • - <D 
<D  3 O 

EC 

w DU 

Velo< 
Pipe  i 
per  S 

Feet. 

Pounds. 

ai|  Sw 

•a 

•34 

4.69 

14,900 

2.651 

II5 

21,456,000 

•47 

5-52 

17,500 

3.629 

‘•57 

25,200,000 

•35 

4-73 

15,000 

2.686 

1.17 

2 1 ,600,000 

.48 

5-55 

17,600 

3.670 

1.59 

25,344,000 

•35 

4.76 

15,100 

2.72I 

1. 18 

21,744,000 

•48 

5.58 

17,700 

3.7II 

1.61 

25,488,000 

•36 

4-79 

15,200 

2.756 

1.20 

21,888,000 

•49 

5.61 

17,800 

3-752 

1.63 

25.632.000 

25.776.000 

.36 

4.82 

15,300 

2.792 

1. 21 

22,032,000 

•49 

5-64 

1 7,900 

3-793 

1.64 

•37 

4.86 

15,400 

2.827 

1.23 

22,176,000 

•50 

5-68 

18,000 

3.835 

1.66 

25.920.000 

26.064.000 

•37 

4.89 

1 5,5oo 

2.863 

I.24 

22.320.000 

22.464.000 

•5i 

5-7i 

l8,IOO 

3.877 

1.68 

•38 

4-93 

15,600 

2.899 

1.26 

•5i 

5-74 

18,200 

3.919 

1.70 

26,208,000 

•38 

4.96 

15,700 

2.936 

1.27 

22,608,000 

•52 

5-77 

18,300 

3.961 

1.72 

26,352,000 

•39 

4.99 

15,800 

2.972 

1.29 

22,752,000 

•53 

5.81 

18,400 

4.003 

1.73 

26,496,000 

•39 

5.02 

15,900 

3.009 

1.30 

22,896,000 

•53 

5-84 

18,500 

4.046 

1-75 

26,640,000 

.40 

5-05 

16,000 

3.046 

1.32 

23,040,000 

•54 

5.87 

18,600 

4.089 

1.77 

26,784,000 

.40 

5.08 

16,100 

3.084 

1-34 

23,184,000 

•54 

5-90 

18,700 

4-I32 

1.79 

26,928,000 

.41 

5-n 

16,200 

3.I2I 

1-35 

23,328,000 

•55 

5-93 

18,800 

4.176 

1.81 

27,072,000 

.41 

5-i4 

16,300 

3-159 

1-37 

23,472,000 

•55 

5-96 

18,900 

4.219 

1.83 

27.216.000 

27.360.000 

.42 

5.18 

16,400 

3-197 

1.38 

23.616.000 

23.760.000 

•56 

5-99 

19,000 

4.263 

1.85 

.42 

5.21 

16,500 

3-235 

1.40 

.56 

6.02 

19,100 

4.307 

1.87 

27.504.000 

27.648.000 

•43 

5-24 

16,600 

3-273 

I.42 

23,904,000 

•57 

6.05 

19,200 

4-35 1 

1.89 

•43 

5-27 

16,700 

3-312 

1.44 

24,048,000 

•57 

6.08 

19,300 

4.396 

1.91 

27.792.000 

27.936.000 

•44 

5-30 

16,800 

3*35 1 

1-45 

24.192.000 

24.336.000 

•58 

6.12 

19,400 

4.441 

1.92 

•44 

5-33 

16,900 

3-39° 

1-47 

•59 

6.15 

19,500 

4.486 

1-94 

28,080,000 

•45 

5-36 

1 7,000 

3-429 

1.49 

24,480,000 

•59 

6.18 

19,600 

4.53i 

1.96 

28,224,000 

•45 

5-39 

17,100 

3-469 

I-5I 

24,624,000 

.60 

6.21 

19,700 

4.576 

1.98 

28,368,000 

.46 

5-42 

17,200 

3-5°8 

i-52 

24,768,000 

.61 

6.24 

19,800 

4.622 

2.00 

28,512,000 

.46 

5-45 

17,300 

3-548 

i-54 

24.912.000 

25.056.000 

.61 

6.27 

1 9,900 

4.668 

2.02 

28,656,000 

•47 

5-49 

17,400 

3-589 

1.56 

.62 

6.30 

20,000 

4.7H 

2.04 

28,800,000 

Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


53 


FRICTION  HEADS  FOR  ELBOWS. 


HEADS  REQUIRED  TO  OVERCOME  THE  RESISTANCE  OF  NINETY  DEGREE 

CIRCULAR  BENDS. 


Radius  of  Bend  in 

Diameters  of  Pipe. 

Velocity  in  Feet 

0-5 

0.75 

1. 00 

1.25 

*•5 

2.0 

3-° 

5-o 

Per  Second. 

Head,  in  Feet. 

x 

.016 

.005 

.002 

.002 

.001 

.001 

.001 

.001 

2 

.062 

.018 

.009 

.007 

.005 

.005 

.004 

.004 

3 

.140 

.041 

.020 

.015 

.012 

.Oil 

.010 

.009 

4 

2 24 

.072 

.036 

.026 

.021 

.019 

.017 

.016 

5 

.388 

•”3 

.056 

.041 

.033 

.029 

.027 

.025 

6 

•559 

.162 

081 

•059 

.048 

.042 

.038 

.036 

7 

.761 

.221 

.110 

.080 

.066 

.057 

.052 

.050 

8 

•994 

.288 

.114 

.104 

.086 

.074 

.069 

.065 

9 • • 

1.260 

.365 

.182 

.132 

.108 

.094 

.086 

.082 

10 

i.55o 

.450 

.225 

.163 

•134 

.116 

.106 

.101 

12 

2.240 

.649 

4 .324 

.192 

.167 

• I53 

.145 

The  above  table  has  been  calculated  by  the  well  known  Weisbach  formula,  for  pipes  or 
bends  of  circular  cross  section,  i.  e.,  round  water  pipe  specials. 

Let  R = radius  of  curve  or  bend  in  inches, 
r = radius  of  section  of  pipe  in  inches. 

K = coefficient  of  resistance, 
v — . velocity  of  flow  in  feet  per  second. 

a°  = angle  embraced  by  curve  or  bend  (a  right  angle  bend  = 900.) 
h = friction  head  in  feet  or  decimal  of  foot, 
g = acceleration  due  to  gravity  = 32.2. 


Then 


And 


K .=  0.131  -f  1.847 


II1 

r i 


K — X 

2g  180 


Suppose  a 90°  bend  of  circular  cross  section,  20  inches  diameter  ( r = 10)  and  25 
inches  radius  of  curvature  (=  R.)  what  friction  head  is  developed  by  a velocity  of  flow  of 
2 7896  feet  per  second  ? 

fI°')  1 

K = o.  13 1 -|-  1 . 847  -<  — > = 0.206 
2,78962  90 

h.  =.206 X 0.01245  ft. 

64.4  180 


And 


54 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


DIRECTIONS  WHEN  ORDERING  PIPE  AND  SPECIALS. 

When  inquiring  price  of,  or  ordering  pipe,  be  careful  and  explicit  in 
stating — first,  the  size  ; second,  whether  for  gas  or  water ; third,  weight 
per  foot ; fourth,  quantity  of  each  size  required. 

Crosses,  Tees,  and  Elbows  are  specified  as  follows  : 

6 4 3 2 

O’—  . 6 6 . 6 6 6 n - g 


0 4 3 2 


For  any  pattern  out  of  the  ordinary  line,  more  explicit  directions 
should  be  given  by  marking  on  the  cross  or  tee  where  socket  and  spigot 
ends  are  required,  as  above  : This  would  be  three  6-inch  outlets  with 
sockets,  and  one  with  spigot.  Where  no  such  instructions  are  given, 
the  outlets  are  supposed  to  be  all  sockets.  Drawings  should  accom- 
pany all  orders  for  anything  requiring  special  patterns  of  unusual  forms 

For  reducers  give  the  diameter  at  each  end,  and  also  state  whether 
a socket  or  a spigot  end  is  desired,  as  shown  above : this  being  a reducer 
from  12  to  8 with  the  socket  on  the  small  end.  A socket  is  always  cast 
on  the  small  end  of  reducers  and  a spigot  on  the  other,  unless  the  con- 
trary is  specified. 

One-eighth  or  one-quarter  bends  may  be  ordered  by  giving  merely 
the  diameter  of  pipe  required. 

We  append  engravings  of  branch  castings  as  manufactured  by  us. 
Our  branches  vary  in  size  from  2 to  6o  inches. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


55 


Our  smaller  specials  are  now  made  as  shown  in  the  above  cuts.  The 
curved  sides  not  only  allow  freer  water-way,  thus  overcoming  the  excess- 
ive friction  that  is  caused  by  small  specials,  but  also  insure  a more  per- 
fect casting,  as  any  extraneous  matter  in  the  iron  can  more  readily  escape 
from  the  mold. 

The  tee  is  utilized  to  make  a single  branch  at  right  angles  to  the  main. 


Branch  pipes  are  to  connect  mains  which  are  at  a slight  angle  to  each 
other. 


56 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


Crosses  are  placed  at  the  intersection  of  streets  or  other  points  on  the 
line  of  pipe  where  it  is  desired  to  extend  branches  at  right  angles. 


When  necessary  one  or  more  of  the  outlets  of  the  cross  may  be  cast 
with  spigot  ends. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


5 7 


The  elbow,  or  one-quarter  bend,  is  to  obtain  a change  of  direction 
of  90  degrees. 


The  easy  bend  is  used  to  obtain  a slighter  change  in  direction,  and  is 
made  in  any  angle  required. 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co, 


58 


Y pipes  are  designed  to  cause  a double  change  in  direction,  as  at 
the  forking  of  streets. 


An  ordinary  reducer  is  used  when  it  is  desired  to  reduce  the  diam- 
eter of  the  main. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


59 


An  angle  reducer,  as  here  shown,  is  used  when  desired  to  reduce  the 
discharge  of  a main  to  smaller  proportions  without  changing  grade  of 
trench  ; also  by  turning  the  reducer  to  any  desired  position,  close  parallel 
lines  of  pipe  of  different  diameters  may  be  connected.  When  placed  in 
an  inverted  position  from  that  here  shown,  the  reducer  acts  in  gas  mains 
as  a drip  box  on  the  smaller  pipe — as-the  impurities  drain  from  the  smaller 
into  the  larger  pipe. 


S pipes  are  manufactured  to  pass  around  obstacles,  such  as  lines  of 
pipes  already  laid. 

The  parallel  lines  of  pipe  can  be  connected  by  this  pipe. 


Sleeves  connect  the  spigot  ends  of  pipe. 


6o 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


Plugs  are  used  to  close  the  hub  end  of  a line  of  pipe  until  it  is  desired 
to  make  further  extensions.  Plugs  can  also  be  used  as  strainers  for  suc- 
tion pipe  by  perforating  the  crowns. 


Spigot  caps  are  of  use  to  close  the  spigot  end  of  the  pipe.  The 
cap  may  be  bolted  to  the  hub  by  means  of  a clamp,  or  to  a band  around 


Valve  boxes  are  used  to  protect  valves  and  render  them  easy  of  access. 
We  manufacture  them  in  two  styles  as  shown  above. 

We  can  also  furnish  fire  cistern  covers. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


6 1 


Drip-boxes  are  now  in  general  use  by  gas  works  to  drain  water  and 
other  impurities  from  the  pipe.  The  impurities  accummulated  in  the 
drip-box  should  he  removed  at  intervals. 


The  split  tee  which  is  here  shown  is  of  use  when  it  is  desired  to  tap  a 
main  without  shutting  off  the  water.  It  also  obviates  cutting  the  pipe  in 
order  to  insert  a branch 

The  manner  of  using  is  as  follows  : A circle  the  size  of  the  orifice 

required  is  cut  almost  through  the  pipe : a split  tee.  having  a branch  the 
size  of  the  circle,  is  then,  bolted  around  the  main  so  that  the  opening 


62 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


therein  comes  opposite  to  the  circle.  Rings  of  clay  are  then  placed  inside 
the  branch  and  around  the  pipe  at  the  ends  of  the  sleeve.  The  space 
between  the  pipe  and  the  sleeve  is  now  filled  with  lead  and  caulked. 
Shrinkage  is  now  taken  up  by  tightening  the  bolts.  A piece  of  pipe 
having  a valve  at  one  end  is  leaded  into  the  branch.  By  means  of  a bar 
of  iron  passed  through  the  valve,  the  circle  already  cut  in  the  pipe,  as 
above  described,  is  broken  through.  The  bar  is  then  withdrawn  and 
the  valve  closed. 

When  the  water  can  be  conveniently  shut  off  in  the  main  for  a short 
time  the  valve  on  the  smaller  branch  is  unnecessary. 

It  is  found  that  a sheet-lead  gasket  between  the  flanges  prevents  leak- 
age at  these  points 

We  also  manufacture  split  crosses  of  the  same  design  and  for  the 
same  purpose. 


Gutter  plates  of  the  above  design  are  in  extensive  use  at  crossings. 
The  plate  is  arranged  to  give  a sure  footing. 

We  are  also  prepared  to  furnish  all  kinds  of  iron  coverings  for  catch 
basins  and  sewers. 

On  the  following  page  we  show  three  styles  of  lamp-posts,  weights 
and  dimensions  of  which  will  be  furnished  upon  application  ; also  posts  of 
other  patterns  and  sizes  manufactured  by  us. 

We  refer  you  to  page  88,  where  table  of  service  of  lamps  may  be 
found. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


63 


cO  CO 


64 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


WEIGHTS  OF  ORDINARY  BRANCH  CASTINGS. 


2  x 2 x 2 x 2 Cross 

2x2x2  Tee 

2  in.  Elbow,  90° 

2  in.  Sleeve  . . . . . 

2  in.  Plug 

2 in.  one-eighth  Bend,  450  . 

x 3 x 3 x 3 Cross 

x 3 x 2 x 2 Cross 

3x3x3  Tee  

3x3x2  Tee  . . . . 

3 in.  Elbow,  90° 

3  in.  one-eighth  Bend  . . 

3  in.  Sleeve 

3  in.  Plug  

3  in.  Cap 

3 in.  Branch  Pipe,  450  . . . 

3 to  2 Reducer 

4 x 4 x 4 x 4 Cross  .... 

4  x 4 x 3 x 3 Cross 

4  x 4 x 2 x 2 Cross 

4x4x4  Tee  .... 

4x4x3  Tec 

4x4x2  Tee 

4  in.  Elbow,  90°  ... 

4  in.  one-eighth  Bend,  450  . 

4 in.  Sleeve 

4 in.  Plug  . . . . . . 

4 in.  Cap  

4 in.  S Pipe 

4 in.  Drip  Box  

4 to  3 Reducer 

4 to  2 Reducer 

6 x 6 x 6 x 6 Cross  . . 

6 x 6 x 4 x 4 Cross 

6 x 6 x 3 x 3 Cross 

6x6x6  Tee 

6x6x4  Tee  -•» 

6x6x3  Tee 


40  lbs. 
28  “ 

14  “ 
10  “ 

2 “ 

15  “ 

104  “ 
90  “ 
76  “ 
76  “ 

34  “ 
30  “ 
20  “ 

5 “ 

15  “ 

90  “ 

35  “ 
i5p  “ 

1 14  “ 

no  “ 
100  “ 
90  “ 
87  “ 
48  “ 

65  “ 

44  “ 

8 “ 
25  “ 

90  “ 
235  “ 
42  “ 
40  “ 
*200  “ 
150  “ 
160  “ 
150  “ 
130  > 
125  “ 


6x6x2  Tee  

120  lbs. 

6 in.  Elbow,  90° 

no  “ 

6 in.  one-eighth  Bend  450  . . 

. 85  “ 

6 in.  Sleeve  .... 

65  “ 

6 in.  Plug 

6 in.  Cap  ...  .... 

. 60  “ 

6 in.  S Pipe  . . ... 

190  “ 

6x6x4  Branch  Pipe,  450  . 

• 145  “ 

6 to  4 Reducer  . . 

• 95  “ 

6 to  4 Angle  Reducer  for  Gas 

55  “ 

6 to  3 Reducer 

. 80  “ 

6 to  3 Angle  Reducer  for  Gas 

45  '• 

8 x 8 x 8 x 8 Cross 

325  “ 

8 x 8 x 6 x 6 Cross  . . • 

• 265  “ 

8 x 8 x 4 x 4 Cross 

266  “ 

8 x 8 x 3 x 3 Cross 

225  “ 

8x8x8  Tee  

. 266  “ 

8x8x6  Tee  . .... 

252  “ 

8x8x4  Tee 

222  “ 

8x8x3  Tee 

. 220  “ 

8 in.  Elbow,  90°  . ... 

• 145  “ 

8 in.  one-eighth  Bend,  450 

160  “ 

8 in.  one-sixteenth  Bend,  22^° 

• 155  “ 

8 in.  Sleeve 

. 86  “ 

8 in.  Plug 

. 26  “ 

8 in.  Drip  Box  and  Cover  . . . 

• 355  “ 

8 to  6 Reducer 

126  “ 

8 to  4 Reducer  

8 to  3 Reducer  . . . 

116 

10  x 10  x 10  x 10  Cross  .... 

. 510  “ 

10  x 10  x 8 x 8 Cross 

• 4i5  “ 

10  x 10  x 6 x 6 Cross 

. 388  “ 

10  x 10  x 4 x 4 Cross 

• 338  “ 

10  x 10  x 3 x 3 Cross  . . . 

• 350  “ 

10  x 10  x 10  Tee 

390  “ 

10  x 10  x 8 Tee  ....... 

• 330  “ 

ro  x 10  x 6 Tee 

312  “ 

10  x 10  x 4 Tee 

Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


6 5 


io  x io  x 3 Tee  . . 

14  to  8 Reducer  . . 

. . 340 

lbs. 

io  in.  Elbow,  450  . . 

225  “ 

14  to  6 Reducer  . . . 

•285 

<< 

10  in.  one-eighth  Bend 

45°  • 190  “ 

16  x 16  x 16  x 16  Cross 

• 1,025 

“ 

10  in.  one-sixteenth  Bend,  22^°  165  “ 

16  x 16  x 14  x 14  Cross 

. 1,070 

ii 

10  in.  Sleeve  . . . 

. 140  “ 

16  x 16  x 12  x 12  Cross 

1,025 

“ 

10  in.  Plug 

46  “ 

16  x 16  x 10  x 10  Cross 

. 1,010 

“ 

10  in.  Drip  Box  . . 

. . . 760  “ 

16  x 16  x 8 x 8 Cross  . 

825 

“ 

10  to  8 Reducer  . . 

212  “ 

16  x 16  x 6 x 6 Cross  . 

700 

“ 

10  to  6 Reducer  . . 

. . . • 150  “ 

16  x 16  x 4 x 4 Cross  . 

650 

“ 

10  to  4 Reducer  . . 

128  “ 

16  x 16  x 16  Tee  . . . 

. 790 

“ 

12.  x 12  x 12  x 12  Cross 

700  “ 

16  x 16  x 14  Tee  . . . 

. 850 

“ 

12  x 12  x 10  x 10  Cross 

650  “ 

16  x 16  x 12  Tee  . . . 

• 825 

u 

12  x 12  x 8 x 8 Cross 

. ...  615  “ 

16  x 16  x 10  Tee  . 

. 890 

« 

12  x 12  x 6 x 6 Cross 

. . . . 540  “ 

16  x 16  x 8 Tee  . . . 

• 755 

« 

12  x 12  x 4 x 4 Cross 

525  “ 

16  x 16  x 6 Tee  .... 

630 

« 

12  x 12  x 3 x 3 Cross 

495  “ 

16  x 16  x 4 Tee  .... 

655 

“ 

12  x 12  x 12  Tee 

. . . . 565  “ 

16  in.  Elbow,  90°  . . . 

• 525 

“ 

12  x 12  x 10  Tee 

5io  “ 

16  in.  one-eighth  Bend,  450 

• 510 

«« 

12  x 12  x 8 Tee  . . 

492  “ 

16  in.  Sleeve  . . . 

• 340 

“ 

12  x 12  x 6 Tee  . . 

• • 484  “ 

16  in.  Plug  .... 

100 

u 

12  x 12  x 4 Tee 

460  “ 

16  to  12  Reducer  . . . 

• 475 

“ 

12  in.  Elbow,  90°  . 

370  “ 

16  to  10  Reducer  . . . 

• 435 

“ 

12  in.  one-eighth  Bend,  450  . . . 290  “ 

20  x 20  x 20  x 20  Cross 

. 1,790 

(( 

12  in.  one-sixteenth 

Bend,  22]4°  260  “ 

20  x 20  x 12  x 12  Cross 

i,37o 

« 

12  in.  Sleeve  . . . 

. . . 176  “ 

20  x 20  x 10  x 10  Cross 

• i,225 

u 

12  in.  Plug  .... 

66  “ 

20  x 20  x 8 x 8 Cross 

. 1,000 

“ 

12  to  10  Reducer 

.....  278  “ 

20  x 20  x 6 x 6 Cross 

. 1,000 

“ 

12  to'  8 Reducer  . . 

.254  “ 

20  x 20  x 4 x 4 Cross  . 

1,000 

“ 

12  to  6 Reducer  . . 

230  “ 

20  x 20  x 20  Tee 

• 1,375 

“ 

12  to  4 Reducer  . . 

250  “ 

20  x 20  x 16  Tee  . . . 

• 1,115 

“ 

14  x 10  Cross  . . . 

.....  750  “ 

20  x 20  x 12  Tee  . . . 

• 1,025 

“ 

14  x 8 Cross  .... 

• • • 635  “ 

20  x 20  x 10  Tee 

1,090 

i 

14  x 6 Cross  .... 

. . . . 570  “ 

20  x 20  x 8 Tee  . . . . 

. 900 

“ 

14  x 12  Tee  ... 

....  650  “ 

20  x 20  x 6 Tee  . . 

• 875 

ii 

14  x 10  Tee  .... 

650  “ 

20  x 20  x 4 Tee  .... 

845 

ii 

14  x 8 Tee  .... 

575  “ 

20  in.  Elbow,  90°  . . . 

ii 

14  x 6 Tee  .... 

• ■ ■ ■ 545  “ 

20  in.  one-eighth  Bend, 

45° 

• 740 

ii 

14  x 4 Tee  . . 

525  “ 

20  in.  Sleeve 

• 500 

ii 

14x3  Tee  . . . . 

490  “ 

20  in.  Plug  . . 

. 150 

“ 

14  in.  Elbow  .... 

450  “ 

20  in.  Cap 

• 550 

ii 

14  in.  Sleeve  .... 

208  “ 

20  in.  Drip  Box  and  Cover 

1,420 

ii 

14  in.  Plug  • . . 

• • 70  “ 

20  in.  Y,  450 

1,655 

ii 

14  to  12  Reducer  . . 

■ • • 475  “ 

20  to  16  in.  Reducer  . 

ii 

14  to  10  Reducer  . . 

43<>  “ 

20  to  14  in.  Reducer 

575 

ii 

66 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


20  to  12  in.  Reducer 540  lbs. 

20  to  8 in.  Reducer  ....  300  “ 

24  x 24  x 24  x 24  Cross  ....  2,190  “ 

24  x 24  x 20  x 20  Cross  ....  2,020  “ 

24  x 24  x 6 x 6 Cross  ....  1,340  “ 

24  x 24  x 24  Tee 1,875  “ 

24  x 24  x 12  Tee 1,425  “ 

24  x 24  x 8 Tee 1,375  “ 

24  x 24  x 6 Tee  1,375  “ 

24  in.  Elbow,  90°  1,400  “ 

24  in.  one-eightli  Bend,  450  . . 1,425  “ 

24  in.  one-sixteenth  Bend,  22^°  1,280  “ 

24  in.  Sleeve 710  “ 

24  in.  Plug 185  “ 

24  x 24  x 24  Branch  Pipe,  450  . 2,765  “ 
24  x 24  x 20  Branch  Pipe,  450  . 2,145  “ 
24  to  20  Reducer  . . . 745  “ 

30  x 30  x 20  x 20  Cross  . . . . 2,635  “ 
30  x 30  x 12  x 12  Cross  ....  2,250  " 
30  x 30  x 8 x 8 Cross  ....  1,995  “ 


We  are  prepared  to  make  all  kinds  of 
those  included  in  the  above  list. 


x 30  x 30  Tee 3,025  lbs, 

x 30  x 24  Tee  ...  . 2,640  “ 

x 30  x 20  Tee 2,200  “ 

x 30  x 12  Tee 2,050  “ 

x 30  x 10  Tee 2,035  “ 

x 30  x 6 Tee 1,825  “ 

in.  one-eighth  Bend,  450  . . 2,000  “ 
in.  one-sixteenth  Bend,  22^°i,  735  “ 

in.  Sleeve 965  “ 

in.  Plug  . . . 370  “ 

x 30  x 30  Branch  Pipe,  450  .4,170  “ 

to  24  Reducer 1,305  “ 

to  18  Reducer  1,585  “ 

x 36  x 36  Tee  . . 5,140  “ 

x 36  x 30  Tee 4,200  “ 

x 36  x 12  Tee 4,050  “ 

in.  Sleeve 1,500  “ 

x 36  x 36  Branch  Pipe,  450  . 10,300  “ 
to  30  Reducer 1,730  “ 


or  connection  castings  in  addition  to 


30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

30 

36 

36 

36 

36 

36 

36 

branch 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


67 


TABLES  SHOWING  DISCHARGE  IN  GALLONS  PER  MINUTE 
FOR  SINGLE  ACTING  PLUNGER  PUMPS.— PER  FOOT  OF 
STROKE. 

The  tables  of  discharge  for  single  acting  and  double  acting  pumps  are 
calculated  for  diameters  of  10  to  30  inches,  and  for  speeds  of  1 to  30 
revolutions  per  minute,  and  represent  the  plunger  or  piston  displacements 
per  foot  of  stroke  per  revolution. 

Thus,  the  table  gives  for  a pump  with  15 -inch  piston  or  plunger,  at  12 
revolutions  per  minute,  a discharge  of  no.  16  gallons  for  single  acting 
pump,  and  220.32  gallons  for  double  acting  pump. 

Now,  if  such  a pump  had  a stroke  of  36  inches,  the  discharge  would 
be  3x110.16=330.48  gallons  in  the  first . case,  and  3 x 220. 32=660.96 
gallons  in  the  second  case.  * 

In  estimating  an  actual  delivery  of  water,  a slip  or  loss  of  action 
of  four  per  cent,  should  be  allowed,  which  would  make  the  true  dis- 
charges in  all  cases  96-100  of  the  quantities  given  in  the  table. 

There  are  many  instances  where  the  loss  of  action  of  new  pumps  in 
good  condition  is  considerably  less  than  four  per  cent.,  but  the  majority  of 
pumps  are  doing  clever  work  when  delivering  96  per  cent,  of  the  cal- 
culated displacements. 


DISCHARGE  IN  GALLONS  PER  MINUTE  FOR  SINGLE  ACTING  PLUNGER  PUMPS. 


68 


The  Addyston*  1'ipe  and  Steel  Co. 


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DISCHARGE  IN  GALLONS  PER  MINUTE  FOR  SINGLE  ACTING  PLUNGER  PUMPS. 

PER  FOOT  OF  STROKE 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


69 


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PER  FOOT  OF  STROKE. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


73 


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I47I.392I 


DISCHARGE  IN  GALLONS  PER  MINUTE  FOR  DOUBLE  ACTING  PLUNGER  PUMPS. 


74 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


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Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


75 


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ALTITUDE  OF  JETS  IN  FEET. 


76 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


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Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


77 


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The  above  nozzle  under  6o  and  120  pounds  pressure,  and  i.  125-inch  orifice,  would  discharge 

V138.48  X (8  X I-I25)2  X 0-288  ==  274.337  gallons  for  60  pounds  pressure,  and 
V276.96  X (8  X I-I25)2  X 0-288  = 388.224  gallons  for  120  pounds  pressure. 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS  IN  CUBIC  FEET  AND  U.  S.  GALLONS,  AND  WEIGH  I’  OF  WATER  (AT  62^ 
POUNDS  PER  CUBIC  FOOT)  CONTAINED  IN  ONE  FOOT  LEN GTHS  OF  DIFFERENT  IN. 
TERNAL  DIAMETERS  OF  PIPE,  AND  SQUARE  ROOT  OF  DIAMETER  IN  FEET. 


Diam. 

in 

Inches. 

Diam. 

in 

feet. 

u.  s. 

Gals,  of 
231  Cub. 
Inches. 

Weight 
of  Wa- 
ter, lbs. 

Square 
Root  of 
Diameter 
in  Feet. 

Diam. 

in 

Inches. 

Diam. 

in 

feet. 

U.  S. 
Gals,  of 
231  Cub. 
Inches. 

Weight 
of  Water 
in  lbs. 

Square 
Root  of 
Diam. 
in  Feet. 

I 

•0833 

.0408 

•3395 

.289 

25 

2.083 

25.50 

212.20 

1-443 

2 

.1667 

.1632 

1-358 

.408 

26 

2.167 

27.58 

229.51 

1.472 

3 

.2500 

.3672 

3.055 

.500 

27 

2.250 

29.74 

247.5-I 

1.500 

4 

•3333 

.6528 

5-432 

•579 

28 

2.333 

3I-99 

266.18 

1.528 

5 

.4167 

1.020 

8.488 

.645 

29 

2.417 

34-3 1 

285.53 

i-555 

6 

.5000 

I.469 

12.223 

.707 

30 

2.500 

36.72 

305.57 

1.581 

7 

•5833 

1.999 

16.636 

.764 

31 

2.583 

• 39.21 

326.27 

1.607 

8 

.6667 

2.6ll 

21.729 

.817 

32 

2.667 

41.78 

347.66 

1.6  33 

9 

.7500 

3-305 

27.501 

.866 

33 

2.750 

44-43 

369-74 

1.658 

10 

•8333 

4.080 

33-952 

•9i3 

34 

2.833 

47.16 

392.48 

1.683 

11 

-*  -9167 

4 937 

41.082 

•957 

35 

2.917 

49.98 

415.90 

1,708 

12 

1. 

5 875 

48.891 

1. 000 

36 

3- 

52.88 

44O.OO 

i-732 

1 3 

1.083 

6.895 

57-379 

1. 041 

37 

3.083 

55-86 

464.80 

i-756 

14 

1.167 

7-997 

66  545 

1.080 

38 

3-i67 

58.92 

49O.24 

1.779 

15 

1.250 

9.180 

76.392 

1.118 

39 

3-250 

62.06 

5!S.40 

1.803 

16 

1-333 

10.44 

86.916 

1 155 

40 

3-333 

65.28 

543-24 

1.825 

17 

i-4i7 

11.79 

98.121 

1. 190 

4i 

3-417 

68.58 

570.72 

1.849 

18 

1.500 

13.22 

no. 

1.224 

42 

3.5oo 

71.97 

598.92 

1.871 

59 

1-583 

14-73 

122.56 

1.258 

43 

3-583 

75-44 

627.81 

1.894 

20 

1.667 

16.32 

135-81 

1. 291 

44 

3.667 

78.99 

657-32 

I-9I5 

21 

1-750 

17.99 

149-73 

1-323 

45 

3.750 

82.62 

687.56 

1 937 

22 

i-833 

19-75 

164.33 

1-354 

46 

3.833 

86.33 

718.40 

i-958 

23 

i-9i7 

21.58 

179.60 

1.384 

47 

3.917 

90.13 

75o.o6 

1.979 

24 

2. 

23- 5o 

195.56 

1.414 

48 

4- 

94.00 

782.24 

2. 00c 

For  larger  diameters  than  those  given,  take  one-half  the  size  required  from  the  table,  and  multiply  by  4 
so  also  with  gallons  and  weights. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


79 


CAPACITY  OF  CISTERNS  OP  DIFFERENT  DIAMETERS  AND  DIFFERENT 
DEPTHS  IN  UNITED  STATES  GALLONS,  231  CUBIC  INCHES. 


Diametei  J 

Feet. 

Depth 

Feet. 

U.  S Galls. 
231  Inches. 

Cubic 

Feet. 

Diameter 

Feet. 

Depth 

Feet. 

U.  S.  Galls. 
231  Inches. 

Cubic 

Feet. 

12 

8 

6769 

905 

24 

12 

40607 

5429 

14 

9 

10359 

1385 

26 

13 

51628 

6902 

l6 

9 

13535 

l8lO 

28 

14 

64481 

8621 

18 

10 

I9<>34 

2545 

30 

J5 

793 IO 

10603 

20 

10 

23499 

3H2 

32 

16 

96253 

12868 

22 

11 

31277 

4181 

1 34 

17 

II545I 

15435 

8o 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


GAS  LIGHT. 

In  1659  Mr.  Thomas  Shirley  communicated  some  experiments  on  the 
gas  issuing  from  a well  near  Wigan,  England.  Nearly  100  years  later,  a 
Mr.  Spedding  proposed  to  light  the  streets  of  the  town  of  Whitehaven 
with  the  above  gas,  demonstrating  its  practicability  by  using  it  to  light 
his  own  office,  but  his  proposal  was  refused ; and  it  was  not  until  the  year 
1792  that  Mr.  Wm.  Murdoch,  engineer  to  Messrs.  Bolton  & Watt,  prac- 
tically employed  coal  gas  for  the  purpose  of  artificial  illumination,  by 
lighting  his  own  house  and  office  with  it  at  Redneth,  Cornwall.  To  him 
belongs  the  credit  of  first  practically  demonstrating  the  feasibility  of 
making  and  distributing  this  illuminating  agency.  A few  years  after  this, 
in  the  Spring  of  1802,  upon  the  occasion  of  the  national  illumination  in 
honor  of  the  peace  of  Amiens,  he  lighted  up  part  of  the  Soho  manufac- 
tory with  a public  display  of  gas  lights. 

The  earliest  application  of  this  artificial  light  on  a large  systematic 
scale  was  made  in  Manchester,  where  an  apparatus  for  lighting  the  great 
cotton  mills  of  Phillipps  & Lee  was  fitted  up  in  1804,  under  the  direction 
of  Mr.  Murdoch. 

In  1802  coal  gas  was  first  used  in  Paris,  although  the  city  was  not 
lighted  with  it  until  1820. 

The  first  incorporated  gas  company  in  London  was  ‘ ‘ The  London  and 
Westminster  Gas  Light  and  Coke  Company,”  with  a capital  of  £200,000, 
in  1810. 

The  first  practical  application  of  gas  light  in  the  United  States  was  in 
the  bath  house  and  contiguous  apartments  at  Newport,  R.  I.,  which  were 
lighted  by  David  Melville  in  1813. 

The  eminent  gas  engineer,  Samuel  Clegg,  to  whose  inventive  genius 
in  the  perfecting  of  apparatus  for  manufacturing  gas  we  owe  so  much,  was  in 
this  same  year  retained  as  engineer  by  4 ‘The  Chartered  Gas  Light  and  Coke 
Company”  of  London.  He  was  born  in  Manchester,  March  2, 1781.  Among 
many  inventions  and  adaptations  to  his  credit  in  the  making  of  coal  gas 
are  the  following:  In  1805  he  first  used  lime  in  its  purification.  In  1806 
he  communicated  to  the  Society  of  Arts  the  first  plan  of  an  apparatus  for 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


8t 


lighting  manufactories.  In  1809  he  lighted  the  factory  of  Mr.  Harris  at 
Coventry.  Here  he  introduced  a paddle  at  the  bottom  of  the  tank  to 
agitate  the  lime.  In  18 11  he  introduced  the  wet  lime  purifier  as  a separate 
vessel,  the  first  ever  employed  for  that  purpose.  In  this  same  year  he  first 
used  the  hydraulic  main.  In  1812,  at  the  cotton  mills  at  Hyde,  he  first 
attached  to  the  gas-holder  the  mechanism  for  regulating  its  specific  grav- 
ity. In  1815  he  invented  the  gas  meter.  In  1816  he  invented  and  pat- 
ented the  gas  governor.  In  1817  he  invented  the  collapsing  gas  holder. 
In  1841  the  first  edition  of  ‘ ‘Clegg  on  Coal  Gas”  was  published;  in  1853 
the  second  ; in  1859 the  third;  and  in  1866 the  fourth.  This  distinguished 
gentleman  died  in  1861  in  his  eightieth  year. 

After  the  first  attempt  to  illuminate  with  coal  gas  in  Newport,  R.  I., 
no  very  rapid  advance  was  made,  and  it  was  not  until  1834  that  New  York 
was  so  lighted.  Philadelphia  followed  in  1835,  Chicago  in  1840,  and  Cin- 
cinnati in  1841. 

GENERATION  OF  ILLUMINATING  GASES. 

When  coals  are  heated  in  a retort  to  ignition,  the  progress  of  decom- 
position is  as  follows:  First,  and  before  the  retort  becomes  red  hot,  steam 
issues  along  with  the  atmospheric  air.  When  the  retort  begins  to  redden, 
tar  distils  in  considerable  quantity,  with  some  combustible  gas,  of  which 
hydrogen  mixed  with  ammoniacal  gas  forms  a part.  The  evolution  of  gas 
increases  as  the  retort  becomes  hotter,  with  a continual  production  of  tar  and 
ammoniacal  liquor,  as  well  as  sulphurous  acid,  from  the  pyrites  of  coal, 
which  unites  with  the  ammonia.  When  the  retort  has  come  to  a white 
heat,  the  disengagement  of  gas  is  most  active.  By  and  by  the  gaseous 
production  diminishes,  and  eventually  ceases  entirely,  although  the  heat 
be  increased.  In  the  retort  a quantity  of  carbonized  coal,  or  coke , remains, 
while  tar  forms  at  the  bottom  of  the  receiver,  covered  with  the  ammoni- 
acal liquor,  and  combined  with  carbonic  and  sulphurous  acids  and  sul- 
phuretted hydrogen. 

If,  during  this  distillation,  the  combustible  gas  be  collected  and  exam- 
ined at  the  several  stages  of  the  process,  it  is  found  to  differ  extremely  in 
its  luminiferous  powers.  That  which  comes  off  before  the  retort  has  ac- 
quired its  proper  temperature  gives  a feeble  light,  and  resembles  the  gas 
obtained  by  the  ignition  of  moist  charcoal,  consisting  chiefly  of  hydrogen. 


82 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co.  . 


That  evolved  when  the  retort  has  just  acquired  throughout  a vivid 
white  heat  is  the  best  of  all,  consisting  chiefly  of  bicarbonated  hydrogen, 
with  a specific  gravity  of,  say  0.650.  At  a later  period,  as  after  say  5 
hours,  the  gas  evolved  will  have  a specific  gravity  of  .5.  Toward  the 
end  of  the  operation,  say  in  iohours,  it  will  have  a specific  gravity  of  .345. 
The  larger  and  best  proportion  of  the  gas  is  disengaged  during  the  first 
hour,  amounting  to  about  one-fifth  of  the  whole.  In  the  three  following 
hours  the  disengagement  is  tolerably  uniform,  constituting  in  all  .54 
in  the  sixth  hour  it  is  . 1 ; in  the  seventh  and  eighth  hours  . 16. 

From  these  observations  are  derived  the  rules  for  the  production  of  a 
good  light — gas  from  coal.  They  show  that  the  distillation  should  com- 
mence with  a retort  previously  heated  to  a white  heat,  since  thereby  good 
gas  is  immediately  produced ; that  this  heat  should  be  steadily  continued 
during  the  whole  operation,  and  that  it  should  not  be  increased,  especially 
toward  the  end,  for  fear  of  generating  carbonic  oxide  and  hydrogen  gases. 
Upon  an  average  a pound  of  good  coal  affords  four  cubic  feet  of  gas. 

Below  we  give  the  table  of  temperatures,  expressed  in  colors. 


Faint  red 960°  Fahr. 

Dull  red 1290°  “ 

Brilliant  red 1470°  “ 

Cherry  red 1650°  “ 

Bright  cherry  red 1830°  “ 

Dull  orange 2010°  “ 

Bright  orange 2190°  “ 

White  heat 2370°  “ 

Bright  white 2550°  “ , 

Brilliant  white 2730° 


Coal  gas,  as  it  issues  from  the  retort,  can  not  be  directly  employed  for 
illumination.  It  contains  vapors  of  tar  and  oil,  also  steam  impregnated 
with  the  carbonate,  sulphite,  and  hydro-sulphuret  of  ammonia,  which 
would  readily  condense  and  prove  obstructions  in  the  pipes  through 
which  the  gas  must  be  distributed.  Crude  coal  gas  contains,  besides  those 
enumerated,  sulphuretted  hydrogen,  carbonic  acid,  and  carbonic  oxide 
gases ; the  former  exhales,  during  combustion  for  light,  an  offensive  sul- 
phurous odor,  while  the  latter  enfeeble  the  illuminating  power  of  the 
gas,  and  should  be  removed. 

In  such  a book  as  this  we  can  not  give  a detailed  account  of  the  appa- 
ratus used  for  making  and  purifying  gas,  but  we  append  a few  tests,  which 
can  be  applied  by  any  one  to  discover  impurities  in  gas. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


83 


IMPURITIES  IN  GAS. 

To  ascertain  the  presence  of 

Carbonic  acid. — Impregnate  water  with  the  gas,  and  add  a few  drops 
of  sulphuric  acid,  when  minute  bubbles  of  carbonic  acid  gas  will  be  rapidly 
disengaged. 

Sulphuretted  hydrogen. — Take  a solution  of  nitrate  of  silver  and  dis- 
tilled water.  Saturate  a piece  of  writing  paper  in  it,  and  hold  over  a jet  of 
unlighted  gas.  Pure  gas  will  produce  no  discoloration.  If  a brown  stain  is 
given,  the  lime  in  the  purifiers  requires  renewing.  Sulphuretted  hydrogen 
prevails  more  extensively  if  there  be  much  pyritous  matter  in  the  coal. 

Ammonia  — Take  litmus  paper  reddened  by  acid  and  apply  to  a gas  jet  as 
above.  If  the  blue  color  of  the  litmus  returns,  the  gas  contains  ammonia. 


USEFUL  PRODUCTS  OF  COAL  GAS  MANUFACTURE. 

Tar  yields  benzole  of  great  solvent  powers,  adapted  for  preparing 
varnishes,  for  making  oil  of  bitter  almonds,  for  removing  grease  spots,  and 
for  cleansing  soiled  white  gloves.  It  also  gives  naphtha  an  important  sol- 
vent of  india  rubber  and  gutta  percha.  It  also  forms  lampblack,  the  princi- 
pal ingredient  in  printer’s  ink;  is  largely  used  in  asphalt  for  pavements; 
mixed  with  red  hot  clay,  it  is  a powerful  disinfectant ; with  waste  coal  dust 
and  pressed,  it  is  an  excellent  and  compact  artificial  fuel. 

The  water  condensed  with  the  tar  contains  much  ammonia,  readily 
convertible  into  sulphate  of  ammonia. 

Cyanides  are  also  present,  and  these  are  readily  convertible  into  Prus- 
sian blue. 

Naphthaline  may  be  made  into  beautiful  red  coloring  matter,  closely 
resembling  that  obtained  from  madder. — Dr.  Lyon  Playfair. 


84 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


TABLE,  SHOWING  THE  DISCHARGES  OF  GAS  IN  CUBIC  FEET  PER  HOUR, 
THROUGH  PIPES  OF  DIFFERENT  DIAMETERS  AND  VARIOUS  LENGTHS 
IN  YARDS  LINEAL. 


Pressure  of  Water,  in  Inches,  i,  1.5,  2,  2.5.  Specific  Gravity,  .400. 


! Length  in  1 
Yards. 

2 

INCHES 

DIAMETER. 

g 

K 0 

3 INCHES 

DIAMETER. 

1 

I-S 

2 

2.5 

g 3 

Sh  bn 

w ^ 

I 

i-5 

2 

2-5 

100 

1208 

1480 

1708 

1908 

100 

3100 

4075 

4700 

5260 

150 

986 

1208 

1394 

1560 

150 

2718 

3329 

3840 

4293 

a 200 

853 

1046 

1208 

1350 

200 

235° 

2881 

3328 

3718 

300 

697 

853 

984 

1103 

3°° 

1920 

2353 

2714 

3037 

5°° 

540 

661 

762 

853 

500 

1488 

1823 

2108 

2353 

750 

441 

540 

624 

697 

75o 

1216 

1488 

1718 

1920 

1000 

381 

468 

540 

534 

1000 

1054 

1289 

1488 

1644 

1250 

342 

419 

484 

540 

1250 

942 

ii55 

1332 

1354 

1500 

312 

381 

442 

493 

1500 

859 

1052 

1216 

1357 

1750 

280 

353 

408 

457 

i75o 

795 

974 

1130 

1279 

2000 

270 

33 1 

381 

427 

2000 

744 

912 

1054 

1176 

g 

g g 

4 

. INCHES 

DIAMETER. 

S5 

g g 

6 

1 INCHES 

DIAMETER. 

a 

1 

1-5 

2 

2.5 

g 3 

■ 

i-5 

2 

2-5 

100 

6831 

8370 

9658 

10800 

IOO 

18820 

23050 

26600 

29770 

150 

558o 

6830 

7888 

8817 

150 

15370 

18820 

21700 

24300 

200 

4829 

5920 

6826 

7674 

200 

I3310 

16400 

IS800 

21000 

300 

3944 

4829 

5577 

6233 

300 

10870 

13310 

15370 

17180 

5 CO 

3055 

3740 

4320 

4829 

500 

8418 

10310 

II94O 

I33IO 

75° 

2420 

3055 

3522 

3944 

750 

6872 

8418 

9720 

10870 

1000 

2160 

2646 

3052 

3413 

IOOO 

5950 

7290 

8420 

9410 

1250 

1932 

2366 

2732 

3052 

1250 

4340 

5320 

7540 

8415 

1500 

1761 

2160 

2490 

2789 

1500 

4860 

597o 

6860 

7672 

175° 

1634 

2000 

2310 

2582 

1750 

4500 

55oo 

6366 

7115 

2000 

1530 

1870 

2150 

2415 

2000 

4209 

5i55 

5970 

6655 

Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


85 


DISCHARGES  OF  GAS. — Coiitinued . 


fc 

w 0 
H ai 

8 

INCHES  DIAMETER. 

1 2 
1 w Q 

IO  INCHES 

DIAMETER. 

g < 

W ^ 

■ 

i-5 

2 

2*5 

g c 
w ^ 

I 

i-5 

j 2 

2-5 

IOO 

38650 

47350 

54640 

61  IOO 

500 

30100 

37100 

42600 

47700 

GO 

3H50 

38640 

44600 

49940 

750 

24650 

30190 

34800 

39000 

200 

27340 

33460 

38600 

43200 

IOOO 

21640 

26150 

30100 

33750 

300 

22310 

27340 

31550 

35270 

1500 

17400 

21300 

24760 

27560 

500 

17280 

21 1 70 

244OO 

27340 

2000 

15050 

0 

0 

Ln 

00 

21300 

23850 

750 

14100 

17280 

19800 

22310 

2500 

13^75 

16136 

18632 

20880 

IOOO 

12220 

I4960 

17280 

19320 

3000 

12027 

14561 

17008 

19016 

1250 

10940 

13650 

15520 

17280 

15800 

4000 

10413 

12756 

14729 

16468 

I5°° 

9900 

12200 

I4040 

1750 

9237 

1 1300 

I304O 

14600 

2000 

8640 

10585 

12200 

13670 

S5 

K Q 
f*  al 

12  INCHES 

DIAMETER. 

g 

_ c/i 
ffi  Q 
£ t>i 

14  INCHES 

DIAMETER. 

g < 
►J 

I 

i-5 

2 

2-5 

g c 
w ^ 

I 

i-5 

2 

2-5 

500 

47600 

58320 

672OO 

75240 

500 

980OO 

1 20200 

I3824O 

154560 

750 

38800 

47600 

55000 

61470 

750 

79770 

97740 

I 13200 

128020 

IOOO 

33660 

41200 

47600 

53240 

IOOO 

69120 

84670 

980OO 

IO9260 

1500 

27500 

33600 

38880 

435H 

1500 

56600 

69120 

79800 

89230 

2000 

23800 

29250 

33600 

37620 

2000 

49OOO 

60100 

69120 

77280 

2500 

21 190 

26100 

30116 

33631 

2500 

43680 

53540 

61824 

69120 

3000 

I944O 

23800 

27500 

30740 

3000 

39885 

48870 

56600 

640OO 

4000 

16830 

20600 

23800 

26620 

4000 

34560 

42340 

49OOO 

54630 

So 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


DISCHARGES  OF  GAS. — Continued . 


1 

Length  in 
Yards. 

20  INCHES 

DIAMETER. 

Length  in 
Yards. 

24  INCHES 

DIAMETER. 

I 

i-5 

2 

2-5 

I 

i-5 

2 

2-5 

500 

170600 

204600 

24IOOO 

270000 

500 

271200 

326000 

375000 

425800 

750 

139600 

1 70600 

I97600 

222400 

750 

217200 

271200 

310000 

344OOO 

1000 

120744 

147900 

I 70600 

I9IOOO 

1000 

189200 

233280 

271200 

30Il60 

150° 

98800 

120700 

139600 

15580° 

1500 

155000 

190500 

217200 

245800 

2000 

85300 

102300 

I2450O 

135000 

2000 

135600 

■ 163000 

187600 

212900 

2500 

76500 

935oo 

108000 

120744 

2500 

I 19000 

1 45 5oo 

I 68000 

I 944OO 

3000 

69800 

85300 

98800 

I 10200 

3000 

108600 

1 3 5600 

I55C>00 

172000 

4000 

60370 

73950 

85300 

„ 95500 

4000 

95350 

1 16640 

135600 

150580 

Length  in 
Yards. 

30  INCHES 

DIAMETER.  . 

Length  in 
Yards. 

36  INCHES 

DIAMETER. 

I 

i-5 

2 

2-5 

• 

T-5 

2 

2-5 

500 

4680OO 

574000 

664OOO 

744200 

500 

744000 

912000 

I 2 I 2000 

I2564OO 

75° 

384OOO 

468000 

5589OO 

607600 

75o 

606000 

744000 

8560OO 

IO32OOO 

1000 

332000 

406000 

4680OO 

526000 

1000 

530000 

644000 

744000 

832OOO 

1500 

272070 

332760 

384140 

457600 

1500 

428500 

524860 

606000 

677630 

2000 

234OOO 

287000 

332000 

372IOO 

2000 

372000 

456000 

524880 

628200 

2500 

210000 

257000 

29800 

332000 

2500 

332000 

408000 

468000 

53OOOO 

0 

8 

292000 

234000 

270000 

303800 

3000 

303000 

372000 

428000 

516000 

4000 

166000 

203000 

234OOO 

263OOO 

4000 

265000 

322000 

372000 

416000 

Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


87 


TABLE,  EXHIBITING  THE  PROPORTIONATE  SIZE  AND  LENGTH  OF  SMALL 
PIPE  FOR  AN  UNINTERRUPTED  FLOW  OF  GAS  AND  A READY  LIGHT. 


SIZE  OF 
TUBING. 

GREATEST 
LENGTH  ALLOWED. 

GREATEST  NO. 
BURNERS. 

% inch. 

6 feet. 

i burner. 

H “ 

20  “ 

3 “ 

% “ 

30  “ 

6 

H “ 

40  “ 

12  “ 

% “ 

50  “ 

20  “ 

1 “ 

70  “ 

JC  « 
35 

“ 

IOO  “ 

60  “ 

1#  “ 

150  “ 

100  “ 

2 “ 

200  “ 

200  “ 

MOTION  OF  GAS  IN  PIPES. 

The  following  is  the  formula  on  which  the  foregoing  tables  were  com- 
puted, in  which — 

Q = Quantity  of  gas  in  cubic  feet  per  hour. 

L = Length  of  pipe  in  yards  lineal. 

D = Diameter  of  pipe  in  inches. 

H = Head  of  water  pressure  in  inches. 

G ==  Specific  gravity  of  gas  = .400. 

Q = 1350  D2  -j/  H D 
G L 

D = .056 5 -l/~Qr~G~T7 
H 

If  it  is  desired  to  ascertain  the  quantities  discharged  of  gas  of  any 
other  specific  gravity,  multiply  the  quantities  indicated  in  the  above  tables 
by  the  square  root  of  .4,  and  divide  the  product  by  the  square  root  of  the 
specific  gravity  of  the  other  gas.  See  table  on  next  page. 

If  the  length  of  the  pipe  is  one-fourth  of  the  lengths  given  in  the 
table,  the  discharge  of  gas  will  be  doubled. 

If  the  length  of  the  pipe  is  four  times  greater  than  the  lengths  in  the 
table,  the  discharge  of  gas  will  be  only  one-half. 

Four  times  the  pressure  doubles  the  discharge  of  gas. 


88 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


TABLE,  SHOWING  SPECIFIC  GRAVITY  OF  GAS  OF  DIFFERENT  ILLUMINATING 
POWERS  IN  STANDARD  SPERM  CANDLES.— AIR  BEING  i.ooo. 


No. 

Candles. 

Spec. 

Grav. 

No. 

Candles. 

\ 

Spec. 

Grav. 

10 

Very  Appro 

►ximately. 

.380 

21 

Very  Approximately. 

.522 

11 

<< 

(( 

•392 

22 

| 

ec  u 

•537 

12 

(C 

u 

•405 

23 

i.  a 

•55o 

*3 

u 

cc 

.416 

24 

u u 

•565 

14 

u 

u 

•430 

25 

a ti 

.585 

15 

u 

u 

•443 

26 

u u 

.605 

16 

u 

a 

•455 

27 

U (1 

.625 

17 

u 

u 

.468 

28 

ce  ic 

•645 

18 

<< 

u 

.482 

29 

u a 

.662 

19 

u 

u 

•495 

30 

u a 

.678 

20 

u 

.508 

3i 

u u 

.694 

Inside  lights  consume  4 cubic  feet  per  hour. 

External  lights  consume  5 cubic  feet  per  hour. 

In  winter,  each  lamp  consumes,  per  month,  1800  to  2500  cubic  feet. 
In  summer,  each  lamp  consumes,  per  month,  1000  to  1800  cubic  feet. 
Average  consumption  for  each  lamp  = 21000  cubic  feet  per  year. 
Private  burners  average  about  = 5000  cubic  feet  per  year. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


89 


FINAL  TESTS. 

Upon  the  completion  of  a water  system,  and  in  making  the  final  tests 
of  lines  of  pipe,  care  should  be  exercised  to  withdraw  all  air  from  the  main. 

By  means  of  practical  tests  it  has  been  shown  that  air  collects  at  the 
low  as  well  as  at  the  high  points  of  the  line.  When  hydrants  are  not  in 
close  proximity  to  these  points  it  is  highly  necessary  to  tap  the  main 
with  a wrought-iron  pipe  through  which  the  air  and  water  may  escape. 
Before  putting  on  the  pressure,  water  should  be  allowed  to  flow  through 
the  pipe  until  every  indication  of  the  presence  of  air  shall  have  passed 
away.  This  frequently  takes  two  or  three  days. 

The  presence  of  air  in  water  can  only  be  detected  by  filling  a glass 
with  the  water.  If  air  is  present  it  will  be  seen  rising  to  the  top  of  the 
glass  in  a white  cloud.  A test  should  not  be  made  until  glasses  of  water 
caught  at  the  hydrants  no  longer  show  the  presence  of  air. 

As  water  is  a non-compressible  fluid,  hydrants  should  be  left  open 
throughout  the  entire  test  of  direct  pumping  works,  as  otherwise  there 
would  be  no  allowance  made  for  the  water  to  escape,  which  the  pumps 
force  into  the  mains. 

COST  OF  EXCAVATION. 

Excavation  for  pipe  laying  differs  so  widely  in  the  various  kinds 
of  soil  found  in  the  cities  and  towns  of  this  country  that  it  will  be  impos- 
sible to  give  any  but  an  approximate  estimate  of  the  cost  of  trenching  and 
back-filling. 

But  we  will  give  an  estimate  of  the  cost  of  trenching,  based  on  clay 
or  loam  soil,  entirely  free  from  rock,  shale,  or  hard-pan,  and  sufficiently 
stiff  to  stand  and  not  cave,  with  labor  at  $1.50  per  day. 

When  rock,  shale,  hard-pan,  macadam  or  gravel  streets  are  to  be  ex- 
cavated an  additional  percentage  will  have  to  be  added  to  the  estimate 
here  given,  in  proportion  to  the  extra  labor  required. 

The  estimate  for  back-filling  may  seem  somewhat  excessive,  but  we 
contemplate  ramming  and  putting  the  streets  in  as  good  condition  as  they 
were  prior  to  their  being  excavated. 


9o 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co 


PIPE  LAYING. 

COST  OF  EXCAVATING  AND  BACK-FILLING. 


Size 

of 

Pipe. 

Width 

of 

Trench. 

Depth 

of 

Trench. 

Cost  Excavating 
per 

Lineal  Foot. 

Cost  of 
Back  Filling 
per  Foot. 

TOTAL. 

4 inches. 

2 

feet. 

4 

feet,  6 inches. 

6 cents. 

3 cents. 

9 cents. 

6 “ 

2 

“ 

4 

“ 8 “ 

6}  “ 

3*  “ 

10  “ 

8 “ 

2 

“ 4 in. 

4 

“ 10  “ 

7b  “ 

4 

11*  “ 

IO  “ 

2 

“ 6 “ 

5 

6 6 

00 

4b  “ 

13  “ 

12  “ 

2 

“ 8 “ 

5 

“ 2 “ 

IO  “ 

5 “ 

15 

16  “ 

3 

“ 

5 

“ 8 “ 

15 

8 

23  “ 

20  “ 

3 

“ 6 “ 

6 

6 6 

20  “ 

10  “ 

30  “ 

24  “ 

3 

“ 8 “ 

6 

“ 4 “ 

25  “ 

12  “ 

37 

COST  OF  PLACING  AND  JOINTING  PIPE. 


4 inch  per  lineal  foot  . . . 

12 

inch 

per  lineal  foot  . . . 

6 “ “ “ “ . . . 

...  2 b “ 

16 

66  66  66 

...  9 “ 

8 “ “ “ “ . . . 

...  4 “ 

20 

66 

66  66*  66 

II  U 

|0  ((  ((  6(  66 

...  5 “ 

24 

66 

66  66  66 

These  prices  include  the  extra  labor  in  setting  the  specials  that 
may  be  needed. 


EXCAVATION  IN  CUBIC  YARDS  PER  ioo  FEET. 


Depth  of 
Trench  in  Feet. 

WIDTH  OF  TRENCH 

IN  FEET. 

2 

2 b 

3 

3b 

4 

4b 

5 

3 

22.222 

27.777 

33.333 

38.888 

44.444 

50.000 

55-555 

3b 

25.926 

32.037 

38.888 

45.370 

5I.85I 

58.333 

64.814 

4 

29.630 

37.037 

44.444 

51.851 

59-259 

66.666 

74.074 

4b 

33-333 

41.666 

50.000 

58.333 

66.666 

75.000 

83-333 

5 

37.037 

46.296 

55-555 

64.814 

74.074 

83-333 

92.592 

Cast  Iron  Pipe 


91 


TABLE  SHOWING  WEIGHT  OF  LEAD  AND  YARN  USED  IN  LAYING  OUR  CAST 

IRON  PIPE. 

WATER.  GAS. 


Pi 

W 

DEPTH  OF  LEAD. 

oi 

M 

DEPTH  OF  LEAD. 

Diamet 

OF 

Pipe. 

2 inches. 

1 2 inches. 

H pd 

« fa  £ 

soft 
c ^ 

Q 

2 inches. 

1 J inches. 

Pounds 

Lead. 

used. 

Pounds 

Yarn 

used. 

Pounds 

Lead 

used. 

Pounds 

Yarn 

used. 

Pounds 

Lead 

used. 

Pounds 

Yarn 

used. 

Pounds 

Lead 

used. 

Pounds 

Yarn 

used. 

Inches. 

2%: 

i-53 

. I40 

Inches. 

1.48 

•135 

3 

4.85 

.089 

3-75 

.148 

3 

4-75 

.086 

3-53 

•144 

4 

6.32 

.251 

5.01 

•329 

4 

6.02 

.238 

4.81 

-313 

5 

7-50 

•2  77 

5-95 

.366 

5 

7.14 

.267 

5.71 

•352 

6 

8.68 

.321 

6.88 

.424 

6 

8-53 

.316 

6.77 

.417 

3 

11.03 

.471 

8.75 

.605 

8 

10.88 

.465 

8.65 

•597 

10 

13-53 

.578 

10.73 

.742 

10 

13.24 

.566 

IO.50 

.726 

12 

15.88 

.582 

12.60 

•775 

12 

I5-76 

-578 

12.50 

•77  0 

14 

18.67 

.684 

14.81 

.912 

14 

18.24 

.668 

14.46 

.891 

16 

21.03 

.642 

16.68 

•899 

16 

20.74 

•633 

l6.44* 

.886 

18 

23.68 

.867 

18.78 

1. 157 

18 

23-39 

.856 

18.55 

1. 142 

20 

26.33 

.966 

20.88 

1.288 

20 

25-74 

.941 

20.4I 

1.254 

24 

j 31-04 

I-I37 

24.61 

i-5i6 

24 

30.45 

1.115 

24.14 

1.486 

30 

| 38.17 

1.631 

30.37 

2.175 

*In  pipes  two  inches  in  diameter  the  depth  of  lead  is  one  inch. 
No  allowance  is  made  in  the  above  table  for  waste  and  loss  in  melting. 


92 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


[From  a paper  by  Wm.  Kent,  M.  E.,in  transactions  of  American  Society  of  M.  E.,  Volume  V.  i.J 

TABLE  OF  DIMENSIONS  OF  CHIMNEYS  FOR  STEAM  BOILERS. 


W S5  H M 

HEIGHT  OF  CHIMNEY  IN  FEET. 

>n— 1 

50 

60 

70 

80 

90 

100 

IIO 

125 

150 

175 

200 

18 

23 

25 

27 

21 

35 

38 

41 

24 

49 

54 

58 

62 

27 

65 

72 

78 

83 

30 

84 

92 

100 

107 

“3 

33 

“5 

125 

i33 

140 

' • - 

36 

14 1 

152 

163 

i73 

182 

39 

183 

196 

208 

219 

42 

216 

231 

245 

258 

271 

48 

311 

33o 

348 

365 

389 

54 

427 

449 

472 

503 

55i 

60 

536 

565 

593 

632 

692 

748 

66 

694 

728 

776 

849 

918 

981 

72 

835 

876 

934 

1023 

I 105 

Il8l 

78 

1038 

1107 

1212 

I3IO 

1400 

84 

1214 

1294 

1418 

1531 

1631 

90 

1496 

1639 

1770 

1893 

96 

00 

On 

2027 

2167 

a in 
« « 
w ^ ^ 

Q P u 
H of £ 
CGCQ  a 
go 


16 

19 

22 

24 

27 

30 

32 

35 

38 

43 

48 

54 

59 

64 

70 

75 

80 

86 


The  above  table  is  based  on  the  generally  adopted  standard  of  one  horse- 
power, viz.:  The  hourly  evaporation  of  thirty  pounds  of  water  into  dry 

steam  from  feed  water  at  100  degrees  Fahr.,  and  under  a pressure  of  sev- 
enty pounds  per  square  inch  above  the  atmosphere. 


in  Inches. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


93 


WEIGHTS  AND  MEASURES. 

The  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures  was  adopted  and  legal- 
ized by  act  of  Congress  in  1866.  Although  it  has  since  then  been  used  by 
some  of  the  different  departments  of  the  government,  notably  by  the 
Coast  Survey  and  the  Engineer  corps  of  the  army,  it  has  by  no  means 
superseded  the  old  style  of  weights  and  measures  in  vogue  in  commer- 
cial usage. 

The  meter  equaling  39.368505  inches,  or  3.280709  feet  lineal,  is  the 
unit  of  lengthy  area , and  volwne  in  this  system,  and  a cubic  meter  of 
water  at  its  maximum  density,  39:2°,  weighs  2204.7  pounds  avoirdupois. 

The  gram  is  the  unit  of  weight,  and  is  equal  to  the  weight  of  a cubic 
centimeter  of  distilled  water  at  its  maximum  of  density  in  vacuo  = 
.002204.7  pounds  avoirdupois,  at  sea  level,  latitude  of  Paris,  barometer 
29.922  inches. 

The  Liter  is  the  unit  of  measures  of  capacity.  A Inter  = 1-057 
liquid  quarts  or  .908  dry  quarts. 

A curious  coincidence  in  the  adoption  of  units  of  measurement  of  the 
meter  and  the  standard  yard  is  that  neither  are  what  they  were  originally 
intended  to  be.  The  meter  was  intended  to  be  the  one-ten-millionth  part 
of  the  distance  from  either  pole  of  the  earth  to  the  equator ; but  after  it 
had  been  introduced  into  use,  errors  were  discovered  in  the  calculations 
employed  for  ascertaining  that  distance. 

The  British  standard  yard,  the  standard  also  for  all  ordinary  purposes 
in  this  country,  is  theoretically  that  of  a pendulum  vibrating  seconds  at  the 
level  of  the  sea  in  the  latitude  of  London,  in  vacuum,  with  thermometer 
at  62°  Fahr.  The  length  of  this  pendulum  is  supposed  to  be  divided  into 
39.1393  equal  parts,  called  inches,  and  36  of  these  inches  were  adopted  as 
the  standard  yard  for  both  countries  ; but  the  preliminary  standard  being 
destroyed  by  fire  in  1834,  it  was  found  to  be  impossible  to  restore  it  by 
measurement  of  the  pendulum,  so  as  to  be  exactly  correct  with  the  one 
formerly  used.  The  consequence  is  that  the  present  British  yard  is  shorter 
than  that  of  the  United  States  by  about  1 part  in  17230,  which  is  equal  to 
3.677  inches  in  a mile,  or  to  Ath  of  an  inch  in  100  feet. 

We  append  the  metric  system  of  weights  and  measures. 


94 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


COMPLETE  TABLE  OF  THE  METRIC  SYSTEM. 


Relative 

Values. 

Length. 

Weight. 

Capacity. 

Surface. 

Solidity. 

10,000 

Myriameter. 

(Mm) 

1,000 

Kilometer. 

(Km) 

Kilogram. 

(Kg) 

Ki'loliter. 

(Kl) 

IOO 

Hektometer. 

(Hm) 

Hektogram. 

(Hg) 

Hektoliter. 

(HI) 

Hektar. 

(Ha) 

;o 

Dekameter. 

(Dm) 

Dekagram. 

Pg) 

Dekaliter. 

(HI) 

Dekaster. 

(Ds) 

Unit. 

Meter. 

(m) 

Gram. 

(g) 

Liter. 

(1) 

Ar. 

(a) 

Stere. 

(s) 

. i 

Decimeter. 

(dm) 

Decigram. 

(dg) 

Deciliter. 

(HI) 

Deciar. 

(da) 

Decister. 

(ds) 

.oi 

Centimeter. 

(cm) 

Centigram. 

(eg) 

Centiliter. 

(cl) 

Centiar. 

(ca) 

.OOI 

Millimeter. 

(mm) 

Milligram. 

(™g) 

Milliliter. 

(ml) 

Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


95 


TROY  WEIGHT. 


UNITED  STATES  AND  BRITISH  STANDARD. 

24  grains  ==  1 pennyweight,  dwt. 

20  pennyweights  = 1 ounce,  oz.  = 480  grains. 

12  ounces  = 1 pound,  lb.  — 240  dwt.  = 5760  grains. 

Troy  weight  is  used  for  gold  and  silver  and  precious  stones.  A carat 

in  the  United  States  = 3.2  grains  ; in  London  = 3. 17  grains ; in  Paris  = 
3.18  grains,  divided  into  4 jewelers’  grains. 

Perfectly  pure  gold  is  called  fine  or  24  carat  gold ; when  alloyed,  it 
is  supposed  to  be  divided  into  24  equal  parts  ; if  14,  15,  18,  or  20,  etc., 
of  these  are  pure  gold,  the  alloy  is  said  to  be  14,  15,  18,  or  20,  etc.,  carat 
fine. 

United  States  trade  dollar  weighs  420  grains ; United  States  legal 
tender  dollar  weighs  412. 5 grains  ; United  States  “subsidiary”  half  dol- 
lars, 192.9  grains;  United  States  20  dollar  gold  piece,  5 16  grains. 


AVOIRDUPOIS  WEIGHT. 

UNITED  STATES  AND  BRITISH  STANDARD. 


27-  34375  grains  = 
16  drams  = 
16  ounces  = 
28  pounds  — 
4 quarters  = 
20  cwt.  — 
1 stone  == 
1 quintal  = 


1 dram. 

1 ounce  = 437.5  grains. 

1 pound  =256  drams  — 7000  grains. 
1 quarter  = 448  ounces. 

1 hundredweight,  cwt.  .=  112  lbs. 

1 ton  = 80  quarters  ==  2240  lbs. 

14  pounds. 

100  pounds. 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


96 


APOTHECARIES  WEIGHT. 


UNITED  STATES  AND  BRITISH  STANDARD. 

20  grains  = 1 scruple. 

3 scruples  = I dram  = 60  grains. 

8 drams  = 1 ounce  — 24  scruples  = 480  grains. 

12  ounces  = 1 pound  = 96  drams  ==  288  scruples  = 5760  grs. 

In  Troy  and  Apothecaries  weights,  the  grain , ounce , and  pound  are  the 
same. 

LONG  MEASURE. 


The  United  States  and  British  standards  are  usually  supposed  to  be 
the  same,  but  in  fact  the  British  measures  are  short,  for  reasons  explained 
on  page  85.  The  measurements  below  are  United  States  standard. 


12  inches  = 1 foot  = .3048121  meter. 

3 feet  = yard  = 36  inches. 

5*4  yards  = 1 pole,  perch,  or  rod  = 16  *4  feet  = 
40  rods  = 1 furlong  = 220  yards  = 660  feet. 

8 furlongs  ==  1 mile  = 320  rods  = 1760  yds.  = 


198  inches. 


in. 


3 miles 

— 1 league  = 24  furlo 
= 15840  feet. 

A point 

= A of  an  inch. 

A palm 

= 3 inches. 

A line 

= 6 points  = tt  inch. 

A hand 

= 4 inches. 

A span 

= 9 inches. 

A fathom 

= 6 feet. 

Gunter’s  chain 

= 66  feet  or  4 rods. 

rods  = 5280  yards 


A cable’s  length  = 
A link  = 


1 mile. 

120  fathoms  — 720  feet. 
7.92  inches  = 100  in  chain. 


A knot , or  nautical  mile,  is  the  length  of  one  minute  of  longitude  of 
the  earth  at  the  equator,  level  of  the  sea,  or  the  ?ri<nr  part  of  the  earth’s 
equatorial  circumference. 

By  the  United  States  standard  this  is  = 1.52664  common  statute  or 
land  mile  — 1855.  n meters  = 2028.69  yards  = 6086.07  feet. 

By  British  standard,  the  knot  is  4 inches  longer  than  the  United 
States. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe, 


97 


SQUARE  OR  LAND  MEASURE. 

UNITED  STATES  AND  BRITISH. 

144  square  inches  = 1 square  foot. 

9 square  feet  = 1 square  yard  = 1296  square  inches 
303^  square  yards  ==  1 square  rod  = 272^  square  feet. 

40  square  rods  = 1 rood  = 1210  square  rods  = 10890  square  feet. 

4 roods  = 1 acre  = 160  rods  = 4840  sq.  yds.  = 43560  sq.  ft. 

A section  of  land  is  1 mile  square,  and  contains  27878400  square 
feet  = 3097600  square  yards  = 640  acres. 

CUBIC  OR  SOLID  MEASURE. 

1728  cubic  inches  = 1 cubic  foot. 

27  cubic  feet  = 1 cubic  yard. 

A cubic  foot  is  equal  to — 

1728  cubic  inches;  or  .037037  cubic  yards;  or  .803564  U.  S.  struck 
bushels  of  2150.42  cubic  inches;  or  3.21426  U.  S.  pecks;  or  7.48052 
U.  S.  liquid  gallons  of  231  cubic  inches  ; or  6.42851  U.  S.  dry  gallons; 
or  6.23210  British  or  imperial  gallons  of  277.274  cubic  inches;  or 
.23748  U.  S.  liquid  barrel  of  31^  gallons;  or  .002832  myriolitre ; or 
kilolitre;  or  .283202  hectolitre  ; or  2.83202  decolitres  or  centisteres ; 
or  28.3202  litres. 

A cubic  inch  is  equal  to — 

.0005787  cubic  feet;  or  .004329  gallons;  or  16. 38901  millilitres;  or 
1.638901  centilitres;  or  .1638901  decilitres;  or  .01638901  litres. 

A cubic  yard  is  equal  to — 

27  cubic  feet ; or  46656  cubic  inches  ; or  . 0764646  my riolitre  ; or . 764646 
kilolitre  or  cubic  metre ; or  7.64646  hectolitres;  or  76.4646  decolitres  ; or 
764.646  litres  or  cubic  decimetres  ; or  7646.46  decilitres  ; or  21.69623  U. 
S.  struck  bushels;  or  17.35707  U.  S.  heaped  bushels  ; or  21.033326  British 
bushels. 

A U.  S.  struck  bushel  equals  1 24445  cubic  feet  — 2150.42  cubic 
inches. 

A U.  S.  heaped  bushel  equals  1.55556  cubic  feet  = 2688.008  cubic 
inches. 


The  Addyston  Pipe  and  Steel  Co. 


n 


90 


DRY  MEASURE. 

UNITED  STATES  STANDARD. 

2 pints  = i quart  = 67.2006  cubic  inches  = 1. 16365  liquid  quarts. 

4 quarts  = 1 gallon  = 8 pints  = 268.8025  cub.  in.  = 1. 16365  liq.  gal. 

2 gallons=  1 peck  = 16  pints  = 8 quarts  — 5 37. 6050  cubic  inches. 

4 pecks  = 1 bushel  = 64  pints  = 32  quarts  = 8 gallons  — 2150.42. 
cubic  inches. 

The  basis  of  the  above  table  is  the  old  British  Winchester  struck 
bushel.  Its  dimensions  by  law  are  18 yi  inches  inner  diameter,  19^ 
inches  outer  diameter,  and  8 inches  deep ; when  heaped,  the  cone  not  to 
be  less  than  6 inches  high. 


U.  S.  pint 

DRY  MEASURE. 

weighs,  1. 2 1 04  pounds  avoir,  of  water. 

‘ 1 quart 

“ 2.4208  “ “ “ 

‘ ‘ gallon 

“ 9-6834  “ 

“ peck 

“ 19.3668  “ “ 

“ bushel,  struck 

“ 77.4670  “ “ (S 

4 gills 

LIQUID  MEASURE. 

UNITED  STATES  STANDARD  ONLY. 
r=r  i pint  = 28.875  cubic  inches. 

2 pints 

= 1 quart  = 57.750  cubic  inches  = 8 gills. 

4 quarts 

z=  i gallon  =231.  cubic  inches  = 8 pints  == 

63  gallons 

=1  1 hogshead. 

2 hhds. 

= 1 pipe  or  butt. 

2 pipes 

= 1 ton. 

The  basis  of  this  measure  in  the  United  States  is  the  old  British  wine 
gallon  of  231  cubic  inches. 

To  reduce  imperial  liquid  measures  to  United  States  ones  of  the 
same  name  x by  1.20032. 

To  reduce  imperial  dry  measures  to  United  States  ones  of  the  same 
name  x by  1. 0315 15. 


Cast  Iron  Pipe. 


99 


LIQUID  MEASURE. 

U.  S.  gill  weighs  .26005  pounds  avoirdupois  of  water. 

“ pint  “ 1.0402  “ “ “ 

“ quart  “ 2.0804 

“ gallon  “ 8.3216 


IMPERIAL  MEASURE— LIQUID  AND  DRY. 

GREAT  BRITAIN  ONLY. 

4 gills  = I pint  = 34.6592  cubic  inches. 

2 pints  = 1 quart  = 69.3185  cubic  inches. 

2 quarts  = 1 pottle  = 138.637  cubic  inches. 

2 pottles  = 1 gallon  = 277.274  cubic  inches. 

2 gallons  — 1 peck  = 554.548  cubic  inches. 

4 pecks-  = 1 bushel  = 2218. 192  cubic  inches. 

4 bushels  = 1 coomb  =8872.768  cubic  inches. 

2 coombs  = 1 quarter  = 17745. 536  cubic  inches. 

This  system  is  established  through  Great  Britain  to  the  exclusion  of 
old  ones.  Its  basis  is  the  imperial  gallon  of  277. 274  cubic  inches,  or  10 
pounds  avoirdupois  of  pure  water ; temperature,  62°  Fahr.;  barometer,  30", 


CONTENTS. 


Announcement 

Angle  Reducer,  

Bends,  

Branch  Castings,  Weight  of, 

Branch  Pipe, 

Bridge  Piers  and  Submarine  Foundations,  . 

Candle  Powers  of  Gases, 

Capacities  and  Facilities, 

Caps, 

Cast-Iron  Pipe,  Durability, 

Cisterns,  Capacity  of, 

Cistern  Covers, 

Chimneys,  Dimensions  of, 

Coated  Cast  Pipe, . . . 

Coated  Wrought  Pipe, 

Cost  of  Natural  Gas  Pipes, 

Cross, 

Cross,  Split, 

Culvert  Pipe, 

Cylinders,  

Cylinders,  Weights  per  foot  of, 

Directions  when  ordering  Pipe  and  Specials, 

Discharge  of  Jets, 

Discharge  of  Gas,  

Discharge  of  Double  Acting  Pumps,  . . . . 

Discharge  of  Cast-Iron  Pipes, 

Discharge  of  Single  Acting  Pumps,  . . . . 

Drip  Box, 

Easy  Bend, 

Elbows, 

Elbows,  Friction  Head  for, 

Embankment,  Weights  of, 

Evaporation  in  Reservoirs, 

Excavation  and  Back-filling,  Cost  of,  . . . 

Excavation,  Cost  of, 

Excavation  of  Trench, 

Expansion  of  Cast  Pipes, 

Expansion  of  Wrought  Pipes, 

Final  Tests, 


Page 
. . . 5 

. . . 59 

. . . 57 
. . .64 
. . . 55 
. . . 21 
. . . 88 

• • • 15 
. . . 60 
. . . 12 

..  .79 

...  60 
. . .92 

• .7,  16 

...  9 
. . . 14 
. . .56 
. . . 62 
. . . 20 
. . . 18 

• • • 27 

• • • 54 
...  77 
84  to  86 
72  to  75 

• • • 34 
67  to  71 

...  61 
. . .57 
. . . 57 

• • • 53 
. . . 21 

. . .32 
, . . 90 
. 89,  90 

• • • 9° 

• 13.  14 

• 13.  i4 

. . .89 


100 


CONTENTS. 


IOI 


Flanged  Cast-Iron  Pipe,  Data  of,  . . 

Flasks  and  Patterns, 

Flow  of  Water  in  Cast-Iron  Pipes,  . . 

Flexible  Joints, 

Foundry  Work, 

Friction,  Loss  by, 

Friction  Heads  for  Elbows, 

Friction  Heads  for  Pipes, 

Gas,  Discharge  of 

Gas,  Generation  of  Coal  Gas 

Gas,  Impurities  in, 

Gas  Light, . 

Gas  Pipe,  Size  required 

Gas  Pipe,  Weights  of  Standard,  . . 

Gas,  Motion  in  Pipes, 

Gas,  Products  of  Manufacture,  . . . 

Gas,  Temperature  of, 

Generation  of  Illuminating  Gases,  . . 

Gutter  Plates, 

Impurities  in  Gas, 

Jets,  Discharge  of, 

Jets,  Altitude  of, 

Joints, 

Kettles, 

Lamp-posts, 

Lead  and  Yarn  used  for  Joint,  . . . 
Lightning,  Effect  of,  on  Pipes,  . . . 

Machine  Shops, 

Melting,  Method  of,  . . 

Motion  of  Gas  in  Pipes, 

Natural  Gas  Pipes, 

One  Eighth  Bend, 

Ovens, 

Patterns, 

Pipe,  Flow  of  Water  in, 

Pipe  Laying, 

Pipe,  Weights  of  Standard  Gas,  . . . 

Pipe,  Thickness  of, 

Pipe,  Weights  of  Standard  Water,  . . 
Pipes,  Thickness  of,  in  Various  Cities, 
Placing  and  Jointing  Pipe,  Cost  of,  . 
Plugs, 


Page 
. 28,  29 
• •15 
34  to  52 

• • • 33 
. . . 19 
. . . 14 

• • -53 

• • -34 
84  to  80 
. . . 81 

• • .83 
. . . 80 

. . .87 

. . . 22 
. . .87 

• • .83 
. . .82 
. . .81 

...  62 
. . .83 
. . . 77 
. . .76 

. . . T3 

. . . I9 

. . .63 

• • • 91 
. . . 8 
. . . 15 
. . . 15 
. . .87 


...  57 
. . . 16 
. . . 15 
34  to  52 
. . . 90 
. . .22 
. . . 24 
. . . 23 
. . . 26 
. . . 90 
. . . 60 


102 


CONTENTS. 


Products  of  Coal  Gas  Manufacture, 

Pumps,  Discharge  for  Double  Acting  Plunger,  . 
Pumps,  Discharge  for  Single  Acting  Plunger,  . . 

Quantity  of  Water  Required  in  Cities 

Reducer 

Reducer,  Angle, 

Reservoirs,  Evaporation  in 

Rainfall, 

S Pipe 

Sleeves, 

Specific  Gravity  of  Gas, 

Socket  and  Spigot, • 

Spigot  Caps,  . 

Split  Cross , 

Split  Sleeve, 

Split  Tee 

Specials,  Weight  of, 

Stills 

Stock  on  Hand, 

Submerged  Pipe, . . . . 

Table  of  Altitude  of  Jets, - . . . 

Candle  Powers, 

Capacity  of  Cisterns, 

Dimension  of  Chimneys, . . 

Discharge  for  Double  Acting  Plunger  Pumps, 
Discharge  for  Single  Acting  Plunger  Pumps,  . 

Discharge  of  Gas, 

Discharge  of  Jets, 

Discharge  of  Water  from  Cast-Iron  Pipes,  . . 

Embankment  Materials,  Weight  of, 

Excavating  and  Back-filling, 

Excavation  of  Trench 

Flanged  Cast-Iron  Pipe,  Data  of, 

Flow  of  Water  in  Cast-Iron  Pipes, 

Friction  Heads  for  Elbows, 

Lead  and  Yarn  used  for  Joints 

Placing  and  Jointing  Pipe,  Cost  of,  .... 

Size  of  Service  Pipes,  

Specific  Gravity  of  Gas, 

Standard  Flange  Pipe  for  Water  and  Steam, 

Temperature  of  Gas,  . . 

Test  of  Pipe  Lines, 


Page 

83 

• . • 72,75 

• • • 67,71 

• • • -33 

58 

59 

32 

32 

59 

59 

88 

1 7 

60 

. . 62 

61 

61 

64 

19 

2-2 

• • • 33 

76 

88 

79 

.....  92 
. . 72  to  75 
. . . 67  to  71 
. . 84  to  86 

77 

. . 34  to  52 
21 

• ■ ■ ■ • 9° 
.....  90 
...  . 28,  29 

• • 34  to  52 

53 

9i 

90 

87 

88 

28 

82 

12,  13  and  89 


CONTENTS.  103 


Page 

Table  of  Thickness  of  Cast-Iron  Pipe, 25 

Thickness  of  Cast-Iron  Pipes  used  in  Cities, .26 

Water,  Weight  per  Cubic  Foot,  . . . 31 

Weights  of  Embankment  Material, 21 

Weights  and  Measures, .....*• 93  to  99 

Weights  of  Pipes  or  Cylinders  with  no  Allowance  for  Joints, 27 

Weight  of  Pipe  with  Allowance  for  Bowl  and  Spigot  Ends, 24 

Weights  of  Specials, 64 

Weights  of  Standard  Gas  Pipe, 22 

Weights  of  Standard  Gas  Flange  Pipe, 29 

Weights  of  Standard  Water  Pipe, 23 

Weights  of  Standard  Water  Flange  Pipe,  . 28 

Weight  of  Water  in  Pipe , y8 

Tarring, 16 

Tee 55 

Tee  Split, 61 

Temperature  of  Gas, 82 

Test  of  Pipe, • 12,  13,  16 

Thickness  of  Pipe, 25 

Thickness  of  Cast-Iron  Pipe  used  in  Cities, 26 

Useful  Products  of  Coal  Gas, 83 

Valve  Boxes, 60 

Weights  of  Pipe  with  Allowance  for  Bowl  and  Spigot  Ends, 24 

Weights  of  Pipe  with  no  Allowance  for  Bowl  and  Spigot  Ends, 27 

Weights  of  Branch  Castings, . . 64 

Weights  of  Embankment  Material, 21 

Weights  of  Standard  Gas  Pipes, 22 

Weights  of  Standard  Water  Pipe, 23 

Water,  30 

Water  Mains  in  America,  History  of, 7 

Water,  Weight  per  Cubic  Foot, ..31 

Water,  Weight  of,  in  Pipes, 78 

Water,  Discharge  of,  from  Cast-Iron  Pipes, 34 

Water,  Quantity  Required  in  Cities, 33 

Wooden  Pipe, 7>  11 

Wrought  Pipe,  Cement  Lined, 8 

Wrought  Pipe,  Coated, 9 

Wrought  Pipe,  Calameined, 10 

Wrought  Pipe,  Durability, 12 

Wrought  Pipe,  Kalameined, 9 

Wrought  Pipe,  Galvanized, 8,  9 

Wyck  off  Pipe, it 

Y Pipe 58 


! til 


■ 

. wu 


